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# Copyright 2001-2013 Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved """Function signature objects for callables Back port of Python 3.3's function signature tools from the inspect module, modified to be compatible with Python 2.6, 2.7 and 3.3+. """ from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function import itertools import functools import re import types try: from collections import OrderedDict except ImportError: from ordereddict import OrderedDict from funcsigs.version import __version__ __all__ = ['BoundArguments', 'Parameter', 'Signature', 'signature'] _WrapperDescriptor = type(type.__call__) _MethodWrapper = type(all.__call__) _NonUserDefinedCallables = (_WrapperDescriptor, _MethodWrapper, types.BuiltinFunctionType) def formatannotation(annotation, base_module=None): if isinstance(annotation, type): if annotation.__module__ in ('builtins', '__builtin__', base_module): return annotation.__name__ return annotation.__module__+'.'+annotation.__name__ return repr(annotation) def _get_user_defined_method(cls, method_name, *nested): try: if cls is type: return meth = getattr(cls, method_name) for name in nested: meth = getattr(meth, name, meth) except AttributeError: return else: if not isinstance(meth, _NonUserDefinedCallables): # Once '__signature__' will be added to 'C'-level # callables, this check won't be necessary return meth def signature(obj): '''Get a signature object for the passed callable.''' if not callable(obj): raise TypeError('{0!r} is not a callable object'.format(obj)) if isinstance(obj, types.MethodType): sig = signature(obj.__func__) if obj.__self__ is None: # Unbound method - preserve as-is. return sig else: # Bound method. Eat self - if we can. params = tuple(sig.parameters.values()) if not params or params[0].kind in (_VAR_KEYWORD, _KEYWORD_ONLY): raise ValueError('invalid method signature') kind = params[0].kind if kind in (_POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD, _POSITIONAL_ONLY): # Drop first parameter: # '(p1, p2[, ...])' -> '(p2[, ...])' params = params[1:] else: if kind is not _VAR_POSITIONAL: # Unless we add a new parameter type we never # get here raise ValueError('invalid argument type') # It's a var-positional parameter. # Do nothing. '(*args[, ...])' -> '(*args[, ...])' return sig.replace(parameters=params) try: sig = obj.__signature__ except AttributeError: pass else: if sig is not None: return sig try: # Was this function wrapped by a decorator? wrapped = obj.__wrapped__ except AttributeError: pass else: return signature(wrapped) if isinstance(obj, types.FunctionType): return Signature.from_function(obj) if isinstance(obj, functools.partial): sig = signature(obj.func) new_params = OrderedDict(sig.parameters.items()) partial_args = obj.args or () partial_keywords = obj.keywords or {} try: ba = sig.bind_partial(*partial_args, **partial_keywords) except TypeError as ex: msg = 'partial object {0!r} has incorrect arguments'.format(obj) raise ValueError(msg) for arg_name, arg_value in ba.arguments.items(): param = new_params[arg_name] if arg_name in partial_keywords: # We set a new default value, because the following code # is correct: # # >>> def foo(a): print(a) # >>> print(partial(partial(foo, a=10), a=20)()) # 20 # >>> print(partial(partial(foo, a=10), a=20)(a=30)) # 30 # # So, with 'partial' objects, passing a keyword argument is # like setting a new default value for the corresponding # parameter # # We also mark this parameter with '_partial_kwarg' # flag. Later, in '_bind', the 'default' value of this # parameter will be added to 'kwargs', to simulate # the 'functools.partial' real call. new_params[arg_name] = param.replace(default=arg_value, _partial_kwarg=True) elif (param.kind not in (_VAR_KEYWORD, _VAR_POSITIONAL) and not param._partial_kwarg): new_params.pop(arg_name) return sig.replace(parameters=new_params.values()) sig = None if isinstance(obj, type): # obj is a class or a metaclass # First, let's see if it has an overloaded __call__ defined # in its metaclass call = _get_user_defined_method(type(obj), '__call__') if call is not None: sig = signature(call) else: # Now we check if the 'obj' class has a '__new__' method new = _get_user_defined_method(obj, '__new__') if new is not None: sig = signature(new) else: # Finally, we should have at least __init__ implemented init = _get_user_defined_method(obj, '__init__') if init is not None: sig = signature(init) elif not isinstance(obj, _NonUserDefinedCallables): # An object with __call__ # We also check that the 'obj' is not an instance of # _WrapperDescriptor or _MethodWrapper to avoid # infinite recursion (and even potential segfault) call = _get_user_defined_method(type(obj), '__call__', 'im_func') if call is not None: sig = signature(call) if sig is not None: # For classes and objects we skip the first parameter of their # __call__, __new__, or __init__ methods return sig.replace(parameters=tuple(sig.parameters.values())[1:]) if isinstance(obj, types.BuiltinFunctionType): # Raise a nicer error message for builtins msg = 'no signature found for builtin function {0!r}'.format(obj) raise ValueError(msg) raise ValueError('callable {0!r} is not supported by signature'.format(obj)) class _void(object): '''A private marker - used in Parameter & Signature''' class _empty(object): pass class _ParameterKind(int): def __new__(self, *args, **kwargs): obj = int.__new__(self, *args) obj._name = kwargs['name'] return obj def __str__(self): return self._name def __repr__(self): return '<_ParameterKind: {0!r}>'.format(self._name) _POSITIONAL_ONLY = _ParameterKind(0, name='POSITIONAL_ONLY') _POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD = _ParameterKind(1, name='POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD') _VAR_POSITIONAL = _ParameterKind(2, name='VAR_POSITIONAL') _KEYWORD_ONLY = _ParameterKind(3, name='KEYWORD_ONLY') _VAR_KEYWORD = _ParameterKind(4, name='VAR_KEYWORD') class Parameter(object): '''Represents a parameter in a function signature. Has the following public attributes: * name : str The name of the parameter as a string. * default : object The default value for the parameter if specified. If the parameter has no default value, this attribute is not set. * annotation The annotation for the parameter if specified. If the parameter has no annotation, this attribute is not set. * kind : str Describes how argument values are bound to the parameter. Possible values: `Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY`, `Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD`, `Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL`, `Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY`, `Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD`. ''' __slots__ = ('_name', '_kind', '_default', '_annotation', '_partial_kwarg') POSITIONAL_ONLY = _POSITIONAL_ONLY POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD = _POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD VAR_POSITIONAL = _VAR_POSITIONAL KEYWORD_ONLY = _KEYWORD_ONLY VAR_KEYWORD = _VAR_KEYWORD empty = _empty def __init__(self, name, kind, default=_empty, annotation=_empty, _partial_kwarg=False): if kind not in (_POSITIONAL_ONLY, _POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD, _VAR_POSITIONAL, _KEYWORD_ONLY, _VAR_KEYWORD): raise ValueError("invalid value for 'Parameter.kind' attribute") self._kind = kind if default is not _empty: if kind in (_VAR_POSITIONAL, _VAR_KEYWORD): msg = '{0} parameters cannot have default values'.format(kind) raise ValueError(msg) self._default = default self._annotation = annotation if name is None: if kind != _POSITIONAL_ONLY: raise ValueError("None is not a valid name for a " "non-positional-only parameter") self._name = name else: name = str(name) if kind != _POSITIONAL_ONLY and not re.match(r'[a-z_]\w*$', name, re.I): msg = '{0!r} is not a valid parameter name'.format(name) raise ValueError(msg) self._name = name self._partial_kwarg = _partial_kwarg @property def name(self): return self._name @property def default(self): return self._default @property def annotation(self): return self._annotation @property def kind(self): return self._kind def replace(self, name=_void, kind=_void, annotation=_void, default=_void, _partial_kwarg=_void): '''Creates a customized copy of the Parameter.''' if name is _void: name = self._name if kind is _void: kind = self._kind if annotation is _void: annotation = self._annotation if default is _void: default = self._default if _partial_kwarg is _void: _partial_kwarg = self._partial_kwarg return type(self)(name, kind, default=default, annotation=annotation, _partial_kwarg=_partial_kwarg) def __str__(self): kind = self.kind formatted = self._name if kind == _POSITIONAL_ONLY: if formatted is None: formatted = '' formatted = '<{0}>'.format(formatted) # Add annotation and default value if self._annotation is not _empty: formatted = '{0}:{1}'.format(formatted, formatannotation(self._annotation)) if self._default is not _empty: formatted = '{0}={1}'.format(formatted, repr(self._default)) if kind == _VAR_POSITIONAL: formatted = '*' + formatted elif kind == _VAR_KEYWORD: formatted = '**' + formatted return formatted def __repr__(self): return '<{0} at {1:#x} {2!r}>'.format(self.__class__.__name__, id(self), self.name) def __hash__(self): msg = "unhashable type: '{0}'".format(self.__class__.__name__) raise TypeError(msg) def __eq__(self, other): return (issubclass(other.__class__, Parameter) and self._name == other._name and self._kind == other._kind and self._default == other._default and self._annotation == other._annotation) def __ne__(self, other): return not self.__eq__(other) class BoundArguments(object): '''Result of `Signature.bind` call. Holds the mapping of arguments to the function's parameters. Has the following public attributes: * arguments : OrderedDict An ordered mutable mapping of parameters' names to arguments' values. Does not contain arguments' default values. * signature : Signature The Signature object that created this instance. * args : tuple Tuple of positional arguments values. * kwargs : dict Dict of keyword arguments values. ''' def __init__(self, signature, arguments): self.arguments = arguments self._signature = signature @property def signature(self): return self._signature @property def args(self): args = [] for param_name, param in self._signature.parameters.items(): if (param.kind in (_VAR_KEYWORD, _KEYWORD_ONLY) or param._partial_kwarg): # Keyword arguments mapped by 'functools.partial' # (Parameter._partial_kwarg is True) are mapped # in 'BoundArguments.kwargs', along with VAR_KEYWORD & # KEYWORD_ONLY break try: arg = self.arguments[param_name] except KeyError: # We're done here. Other arguments # will be mapped in 'BoundArguments.kwargs' break else: if param.kind == _VAR_POSITIONAL: # *args args.extend(arg) else: # plain argument args.append(arg) return tuple(args) @property def kwargs(self): kwargs = {} kwargs_started = False for param_name, param in self._signature.parameters.items(): if not kwargs_started: if (param.kind in (_VAR_KEYWORD, _KEYWORD_ONLY) or param._partial_kwarg): kwargs_started = True else: if param_name not in self.arguments: kwargs_started = True continue if not kwargs_started: continue try: arg = self.arguments[param_name] except KeyError: pass else: if param.kind == _VAR_KEYWORD: # **kwargs kwargs.update(arg) else: # plain keyword argument kwargs[param_name] = arg return kwargs def __hash__(self): msg = "unhashable type: '{0}'".format(self.__class__.__name__) raise TypeError(msg) def __eq__(self, other): return (issubclass(other.__class__, BoundArguments) and self.signature == other.signature and self.arguments == other.arguments) def __ne__(self, other): return not self.__eq__(other) class Signature(object): '''A Signature object represents the overall signature of a function. It stores a Parameter object for each parameter accepted by the function, as well as information specific to the function itself. A Signature object has the following public attributes and methods: * parameters : OrderedDict An ordered mapping of parameters' names to the corresponding Parameter objects (keyword-only arguments are in the same order as listed in `code.co_varnames`). * return_annotation : object The annotation for the return type of the function if specified. If the function has no annotation for its return type, this attribute is not set. * bind(*args, **kwargs) -> BoundArguments Creates a mapping from positional and keyword arguments to parameters. * bind_partial(*args, **kwargs) -> BoundArguments Creates a partial mapping from positional and keyword arguments to parameters (simulating 'functools.partial' behavior.) ''' __slots__ = ('_return_annotation', '_parameters') _parameter_cls = Parameter _bound_arguments_cls = BoundArguments empty = _empty def __init__(self, parameters=None, return_annotation=_empty, __validate_parameters__=True): '''Constructs Signature from the given list of Parameter objects and 'return_annotation'. All arguments are optional. ''' if parameters is None: params = OrderedDict() else: if __validate_parameters__: params = OrderedDict() top_kind = _POSITIONAL_ONLY for idx, param in enumerate(parameters): kind = param.kind if kind < top_kind: msg = 'wrong parameter order: {0} before {1}' msg = msg.format(top_kind, param.kind) raise ValueError(msg) else: top_kind = kind name = param.name if name is None: name = str(idx) param = param.replace(name=name) if name in params: msg = 'duplicate parameter name: {0!r}'.format(name) raise ValueError(msg) params[name] = param else: params = OrderedDict(((param.name, param) for param in parameters)) self._parameters = params self._return_annotation = return_annotation @classmethod def from_function(cls, func): '''Constructs Signature for the given python function''' if not isinstance(func, types.FunctionType): raise TypeError('{0!r} is not a Python function'.format(func)) Parameter = cls._parameter_cls # Parameter information. func_code = func.__code__ pos_count = func_code.co_argcount arg_names = func_code.co_varnames positional = tuple(arg_names[:pos_count]) keyword_only_count = getattr(func_code, 'co_kwonlyargcount', 0) keyword_only = arg_names[pos_count:(pos_count + keyword_only_count)] annotations = getattr(func, '__annotations__', {}) defaults = func.__defaults__ kwdefaults = getattr(func, '__kwdefaults__', None) if defaults: pos_default_count = len(defaults) else: pos_default_count = 0 parameters = [] # Non-keyword-only parameters w/o defaults. non_default_count = pos_count - pos_default_count for name in positional[:non_default_count]: annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty) parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation, kind=_POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD)) # ... w/ defaults. for offset, name in enumerate(positional[non_default_count:]): annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty) parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation, kind=_POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD, default=defaults[offset])) # *args if func_code.co_flags & 0x04: name = arg_names[pos_count + keyword_only_count] annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty) parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation, kind=_VAR_POSITIONAL)) # Keyword-only parameters. for name in keyword_only: default = _empty if kwdefaults is not None: default = kwdefaults.get(name, _empty) annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty) parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation, kind=_KEYWORD_ONLY, default=default)) # **kwargs if func_code.co_flags & 0x08: index = pos_count + keyword_only_count if func_code.co_flags & 0x04: index += 1 name = arg_names[index] annotation = annotations.get(name, _empty) parameters.append(Parameter(name, annotation=annotation, kind=_VAR_KEYWORD)) return cls(parameters, return_annotation=annotations.get('return', _empty), __validate_parameters__=False) @property def parameters(self): try: return types.MappingProxyType(self._parameters) except AttributeError: return OrderedDict(self._parameters.items()) @property def return_annotation(self): return self._return_annotation def replace(self, parameters=_void, return_annotation=_void): '''Creates a customized copy of the Signature. Pass 'parameters' and/or 'return_annotation' arguments to override them in the new copy. ''' if parameters is _void: parameters = self.parameters.values() if return_annotation is _void: return_annotation = self._return_annotation return type(self)(parameters, return_annotation=return_annotation) def __hash__(self): msg = "unhashable type: '{0}'".format(self.__class__.__name__) raise TypeError(msg) def __eq__(self, other): if (not issubclass(type(other), Signature) or self.return_annotation != other.return_annotation or len(self.parameters) != len(other.parameters)): return False other_positions = dict((param, idx) for idx, param in enumerate(other.parameters.keys())) for idx, (param_name, param) in enumerate(self.parameters.items()): if param.kind == _KEYWORD_ONLY: try: other_param = other.parameters[param_name] except KeyError: return False else: if param != other_param: return False else: try: other_idx = other_positions[param_name] except KeyError: return False else: if (idx != other_idx or param != other.parameters[param_name]): return False return True def __ne__(self, other): return not self.__eq__(other) def _bind(self, args, kwargs, partial=False): '''Private method. Don't use directly.''' arguments = OrderedDict() parameters = iter(self.parameters.values()) parameters_ex = () arg_vals = iter(args) if partial: # Support for binding arguments to 'functools.partial' objects. # See 'functools.partial' case in 'signature()' implementation # for details. for param_name, param in self.parameters.items(): if (param._partial_kwarg and param_name not in kwargs): # Simulating 'functools.partial' behavior kwargs[param_name] = param.default while True: # Let's iterate through the positional arguments and corresponding # parameters try: arg_val = next(arg_vals) except StopIteration: # No more positional arguments try: param = next(parameters) except StopIteration: # No more parameters. That's it. Just need to check that # we have no `kwargs` after this while loop break else: if param.kind == _VAR_POSITIONAL: # That's OK, just empty *args. Let's start parsing # kwargs break elif param.name in kwargs: if param.kind == _POSITIONAL_ONLY: msg = '{arg!r} parameter is positional only, ' \ 'but was passed as a keyword' msg = msg.format(arg=param.name) raise TypeError(msg) parameters_ex = (param,) break elif (param.kind == _VAR_KEYWORD or param.default is not _empty): # That's fine too - we have a default value for this # parameter. So, lets start parsing `kwargs`, starting # with the current parameter parameters_ex = (param,) break else: if partial: parameters_ex = (param,) break else: msg = '{arg!r} parameter lacking default value' msg = msg.format(arg=param.name) raise TypeError(msg) else: # We have a positional argument to process try: param = next(parameters) except StopIteration: raise TypeError('too many positional arguments') else: if param.kind in (_VAR_KEYWORD, _KEYWORD_ONLY): # Looks like we have no parameter for this positional # argument raise TypeError('too many positional arguments') if param.kind == _VAR_POSITIONAL: # We have an '*args'-like argument, let's fill it with # all positional arguments we have left and move on to # the next phase values = [arg_val] values.extend(arg_vals) arguments[param.name] = tuple(values) break if param.name in kwargs: raise TypeError('multiple values for argument ' '{arg!r}'.format(arg=param.name)) arguments[param.name] = arg_val # Now, we iterate through the remaining parameters to process # keyword arguments kwargs_param = None for param in itertools.chain(parameters_ex, parameters): if param.kind == _POSITIONAL_ONLY: # This should never happen in case of a properly built # Signature object (but let's have this check here # to ensure correct behaviour just in case) raise TypeError('{arg!r} parameter is positional only, ' 'but was passed as a keyword'. \ format(arg=param.name)) if param.kind == _VAR_KEYWORD: # Memorize that we have a '**kwargs'-like parameter kwargs_param = param continue param_name = param.name try: arg_val = kwargs.pop(param_name) except KeyError: # We have no value for this parameter. It's fine though, # if it has a default value, or it is an '*args'-like # parameter, left alone by the processing of positional # arguments. if (not partial and param.kind != _VAR_POSITIONAL and param.default is _empty): raise TypeError('{arg!r} parameter lacking default value'. \ format(arg=param_name)) else: arguments[param_name] = arg_val if kwargs: if kwargs_param is not None: # Process our '**kwargs'-like parameter arguments[kwargs_param.name] = kwargs else: raise TypeError('too many keyword arguments %r' % kwargs) return self._bound_arguments_cls(self, arguments) def bind(*args, **kwargs): '''Get a BoundArguments object, that maps the passed `args` and `kwargs` to the function's signature. Raises `TypeError` if the passed arguments can not be bound. ''' return args[0]._bind(args[1:], kwargs) def bind_partial(self, *args, **kwargs): '''Get a BoundArguments object, that partially maps the passed `args` and `kwargs` to the function's signature. Raises `TypeError` if the passed arguments can not be bound. ''' return self._bind(args, kwargs, partial=True) def __str__(self): result = [] render_kw_only_separator = True for idx, param in enumerate(self.parameters.values()): formatted = str(param) kind = param.kind if kind == _VAR_POSITIONAL: # OK, we have an '*args'-like parameter, so we won't need # a '*' to separate keyword-only arguments render_kw_only_separator = False elif kind == _KEYWORD_ONLY and render_kw_only_separator: # We have a keyword-only parameter to render and we haven't # rendered an '*args'-like parameter before, so add a '*' # separator to the parameters list ("foo(arg1, *, arg2)" case) result.append('*') # This condition should be only triggered once, so # reset the flag render_kw_only_separator = False result.append(formatted) rendered = '({0})'.format(', '.join(result)) if self.return_annotation is not _empty: anno = formatannotation(self.return_annotation) rendered += ' -> {0}'.format(anno) return rendered