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<!DOCTYPE html SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat"> <html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="../images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 8 Architecture (8.5.99) - Architecture Overview</title><meta name="author" content="Yoav Shapira"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="../images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="../images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 8 Architecture</h1><div class="versionInfo"> Version 8.5.99, <time datetime="2024-02-14">Feb 14 2024</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="../index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="index.html">Architecture Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">User Comments</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Contents</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Contents</a></li><li><a href="overview.html">Overview</a></li><li><a href="startup.html">Server Startup</a></li><li><a href="requestProcess.html">Request Process</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Architecture Overview</h2><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><div class="text"> <p> This page provides an overview of the Tomcat server architecture. </p> </div><h3 id="Terms">Terms</h3><div class="text"> <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Server">Server</h4><div class="text"> <p> In the Tomcat world, a <a href="../config/server.html">Server</a> represents the whole container. Tomcat provides a default implementation of the <a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/Server.html">Server interface</a> which is rarely customized by users. </p> </div></div> <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Service">Service</h4><div class="text"> <p> A <a href="../config/service.html">Service</a> is an intermediate component which lives inside a Server and ties one or more Connectors to exactly one Engine. The Service element is rarely customized by users, as the default implementation is simple and sufficient: <a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/Service.html">Service interface</a>. </p> </div></div> <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Engine">Engine</h4><div class="text"> <p> An <a href="../config/engine.html">Engine</a> represents request processing pipeline for a specific Service. As a Service may have multiple Connectors, the Engine receives and processes all requests from these connectors, handing the response back to the appropriate connector for transmission to the client. The <a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/Engine.html">Engine interface</a> may be implemented to supply custom Engines, though this is uncommon. </p> <p> Note that the Engine may be used for Tomcat server clustering via the jvmRoute parameter. Read the Clustering documentation for more information. </p> </div></div> <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Host">Host</h4><div class="text"> <p> A <a href="../config/host.html">Host</a> is an association of a network name, e.g. www.yourcompany.com, to the Tomcat server. An Engine may contain multiple hosts, and the Host element also supports network aliases such as yourcompany.com and abc.yourcompany.com. Users rarely create custom <a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/Host.html">Hosts</a> because the <a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/core/StandardHost.html">StandardHost implementation</a> provides significant additional functionality. </p> </div></div> <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Connector">Connector</h4><div class="text"> <p> A Connector handles communications with the client. There are multiple connectors available with Tomcat. These include the <a href="../config/http.html">HTTP connector</a> which is used for most HTTP traffic, especially when running Tomcat as a standalone server, and the <a href="../config/ajp.html">AJP connector</a> which implements the AJP protocol used when connecting Tomcat to a web server such as Apache HTTPD server. Creating a customized connector is a significant effort. </p> </div></div> <div class="subsection"><h4 id="Context">Context</h4><div class="text"> <p> A <a href="../config/context.html">Context</a> represents a web application. A Host may contain multiple contexts, each with a unique path. The <a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/Context.html">Context interface</a> may be implemented to create custom Contexts, but this is rarely the case because the <a href="../api/org/apache/catalina/core/StandardContext.html"> StandardContext</a> provides significant additional functionality. </p> </div></div> </div><h3 id="Comments">Comments</h3><div class="text"> <p> Tomcat is designed to be a fast and efficient implementation of the Servlet Specification. Tomcat came about as the reference implementation of this specification, and has remained rigorous in adhering to the specification. At the same time, significant attention has been paid to Tomcat's performance and it is now on par with other servlet containers, including commercial ones. </p> <p> In recent releases of Tomcat, mostly starting with Tomcat 5, we have begun efforts to make more aspects of Tomcat manageable via JMX. In addition, the Manager and Admin webapps have been greatly enhanced and improved. Manageability is a primary area of concern for us as the product matures and the specification becomes more stable. </p> </div></div></div></div></div><footer><div id="footer"> Copyright © 1999-2024, The Apache Software Foundation <br> Apache Tomcat, Tomcat, Apache, the Apache Tomcat logo and the Apache logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of the Apache Software Foundation. </div></footer></div></body></html>