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# PHP CSS Parser
[](https://github.com/sabberworm/PHP-CSS-Parser/actions/)
A Parser for CSS Files written in PHP. Allows extraction of CSS files into a data structure, manipulation of said structure and output as (optimized) CSS.
## Usage
### Installation using Composer
```bash
composer require sabberworm/php-css-parser
```
### Extraction
To use the CSS Parser, create a new instance. The constructor takes the following form:
```php
new \Sabberworm\CSS\Parser($css);
```
To read a file, for example, you’d do the following:
```php
$parser = new \Sabberworm\CSS\Parser(file_get_contents('somefile.css'));
$cssDocument = $parser->parse();
```
The resulting CSS document structure can be manipulated prior to being output.
### Options
#### Charset
The charset option is used only if no `@charset` declaration is found in the CSS file. UTF-8 is the default, so you won’t have to create a settings object at all if you don’t intend to change that.
```php
$settings = \Sabberworm\CSS\Settings::create()
->withDefaultCharset('windows-1252');
$parser = new \Sabberworm\CSS\Parser($css, $settings);
```
#### Strict parsing
To have the parser choke on invalid rules, supply a thusly configured `\Sabberworm\CSS\Settings` object:
```php
$parser = new \Sabberworm\CSS\Parser(
file_get_contents('somefile.css'),
\Sabberworm\CSS\Settings::create()->beStrict()
);
```
#### Disable multibyte functions
To achieve faster parsing, you can choose to have PHP-CSS-Parser use regular string functions instead of `mb_*` functions. This should work fine in most cases, even for UTF-8 files, as all the multibyte characters are in string literals. Still it’s not recommended using this with input you have no control over as it’s not thoroughly covered by test cases.
```php
$settings = \Sabberworm\CSS\Settings::create()->withMultibyteSupport(false);
$parser = new \Sabberworm\CSS\Parser($css, $settings);
```
### Manipulation
The resulting data structure consists mainly of five basic types: `CSSList`, `RuleSet`, `Rule`, `Selector` and `Value`. There are two additional types used: `Import` and `Charset`, which you won’t use often.
#### CSSList
`CSSList` represents a generic CSS container, most likely containing declaration blocks (rule sets with a selector), but it may also contain at-rules, charset declarations, etc. `CSSList` has the following concrete subtypes:
* `Document` – representing the root of a CSS file.
* `MediaQuery` – represents a subsection of a `CSSList` that only applies to an output device matching the contained media query.
To access the items stored in a `CSSList` – like the document you got back when calling `$parser->parse()` –, use `getContents()`, then iterate over that collection and use instanceof to check whether you’re dealing with another `CSSList`, a `RuleSet`, a `Import` or a `Charset`.
To append a new item (selector, media query, etc.) to an existing `CSSList`, construct it using the constructor for this class and use the `append($oItem)` method.
#### RuleSet
`RuleSet` is a container for individual rules. The most common form of a rule set is one constrained by a selector. The following concrete subtypes exist:
* `AtRuleSet` – for generic at-rules which do not match the ones specifically mentioned like `@import`, `@charset` or `@media`. A common example for this is `@font-face`.
* `DeclarationBlock` – a `RuleSet` constrained by a `Selector`; contains an array of selector objects (comma-separated in the CSS) as well as the rules to be applied to the matching elements.
Note: A `CSSList` can contain other `CSSList`s (and `Import`s as well as a `Charset`), while a `RuleSet` can only contain `Rule`s.
If you want to manipulate a `RuleSet`, use the methods `addRule(Rule $rule)`, `getRules()` and `removeRule($rule)` (which accepts either a `Rule` instance or a rule name; optionally suffixed by a dash to remove all related rules).
#### Rule
`Rule`s just have a key (the rule) and a value. These values are all instances of a `Value`.
#### Value
`Value` is an abstract class that only defines the `render` method. The concrete subclasses for atomic value types are:
* `Size` – consists of a numeric `size` value and a unit.
* `Color` – colors can be input in the form #rrggbb, #rgb or schema(val1, val2, …) but are always stored as an array of ('s' => val1, 'c' => val2, 'h' => val3, …) and output in the second form.
* `CSSString` – this is just a wrapper for quoted strings to distinguish them from keywords; always output with double quotes.
* `URL` – URLs in CSS; always output in URL("") notation.
There is another abstract subclass of `Value`, `ValueList`. A `ValueList` represents a lists of `Value`s, separated by some separation character (mostly `,`, whitespace, or `/`). There are two types of `ValueList`s:
* `RuleValueList` – The default type, used to represent all multi-valued rules like `font: bold 12px/3 Helvetica, Verdana, sans-serif;` (where the value would be a whitespace-separated list of the primitive value `bold`, a slash-separated list and a comma-separated list).
* `CSSFunction` – A special kind of value that also contains a function name and where the values are the function’s arguments. Also handles equals-sign-separated argument lists like `filter: alpha(opacity=90);`.
#### Convenience methods
There are a few convenience methods on Document to ease finding, manipulating and deleting rules:
* `getAllDeclarationBlocks()` – does what it says; no matter how deeply nested your selectors are. Aliased as `getAllSelectors()`.
* `getAllRuleSets()` – does what it says; no matter how deeply nested your rule sets are.
* `getAllValues()` – finds all `Value` objects inside `Rule`s.
## To-Do
* More convenience methods (like `selectorsWithElement($sId/Class/TagName)`, `attributesOfType($type)`, `removeAttributesOfType($type)`)
* Real multibyte support. Currently, only multibyte charsets whose first 255 code points take up only one byte and are identical with ASCII are supported (yes, UTF-8 fits this description).
* Named color support (using `Color` instead of an anonymous string literal)
## Use cases
### Use `Parser` to prepend an ID to all selectors
```php
$myId = "#my_id";
$parser = new \Sabberworm\CSS\Parser($css);
$cssDocument = $parser->parse();
foreach ($cssDocument->getAllDeclarationBlocks() as $block) {
foreach ($block->getSelectors() as $selector) {
// Loop over all selector parts (the comma-separated strings in a
// selector) and prepend the ID.
$selector->setSelector($myId.' '.$selector->getSelector());
}
}
```
### Shrink all absolute sizes to half
```php
$parser = new \Sabberworm\CSS\Parser($css);
$cssDocument = $parser->parse();
foreach ($cssDocument->getAllValues() as $value) {
if ($value instanceof CSSSize && !$value->isRelative()) {
$value->setSize($value->getSize() / 2);
}
}
```
### Remove unwanted rules
```php
$parser = new \Sabberworm\CSS\Parser($css);
$cssDocument = $parser->parse();
foreach($cssDocument->getAllRuleSets() as $oRuleSet) {
// Note that the added dash will make this remove all rules starting with
// `font-` (like `font-size`, `font-weight`, etc.) as well as a potential
// `font-rule`.
$oRuleSet->removeRule('font-');
$oRuleSet->removeRule('cursor');
}
```
### Output
To output the entire CSS document into a variable, just use `->render()`:
```php
$parser = new \Sabberworm\CSS\Parser(file_get_contents('somefile.css'));
$cssDocument = $parser->parse();
print $cssDocument->render();
```
If you want to format the output, pass an instance of type `\Sabberworm\CSS\OutputFormat`:
```php
$format = \Sabberworm\CSS\OutputFormat::create()
->indentWithSpaces(4)->setSpaceBetweenRules("\n");
print $cssDocument->render($format);
```
Or use one of the predefined formats:
```php
print $cssDocument->render(Sabberworm\CSS\OutputFormat::createPretty());
print $cssDocument->render(Sabberworm\CSS\OutputFormat::createCompact());
```
To see what you can do with output formatting, look at the tests in `tests/OutputFormatTest.php`.
## Examples
### Example 1 (At-Rules)
#### Input
```css
@charset "utf-8";
@font-face {
font-family: "CrassRoots";
src: url("../media/cr.ttf");
}
html, body {
font-size: 1.6em;
}
@keyframes mymove {
from { top: 0px; }
to { top: 200px; }
}
```
#### Structure (`var_dump()`)
```php
class Sabberworm\CSS\CSSList\Document#4 (2) {
protected $aContents =>
array(4) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Property\Charset#6 (2) {
private $sCharset =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Value\CSSString#5 (2) {
private $sString =>
string(5) "utf-8"
protected $iLineNo =>
int(1)
}
protected $iLineNo =>
int(1)
}
[1] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\RuleSet\AtRuleSet#7 (4) {
private $sType =>
string(9) "font-face"
private $sArgs =>
string(0) ""
private $aRules =>
array(2) {
'font-family' =>
array(1) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Rule\Rule#8 (4) {
private $sRule =>
string(11) "font-family"
private $mValue =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Value\CSSString#9 (2) {
private $sString =>
string(10) "CrassRoots"
protected $iLineNo =>
int(4)
}
private $bIsImportant =>
bool(false)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(4)
}
}
'src' =>
array(1) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Rule\Rule#10 (4) {
private $sRule =>
string(3) "src"
private $mValue =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Value\URL#11 (2) {
private $oURL =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Value\CSSString#12 (2) {
private $sString =>
string(15) "../media/cr.ttf"
protected $iLineNo =>
int(5)
}
protected $iLineNo =>
int(5)
}
private $bIsImportant =>
bool(false)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(5)
}
}
}
protected $iLineNo =>
int(3)
}
[2] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\RuleSet\DeclarationBlock#13 (3) {
private $aSelectors =>
array(2) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Property\Selector#14 (2) {
private $sSelector =>
string(4) "html"
private $iSpecificity =>
NULL
}
[1] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Property\Selector#15 (2) {
private $sSelector =>
string(4) "body"
private $iSpecificity =>
NULL
}
}
private $aRules =>
array(1) {
'font-size' =>
array(1) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Rule\Rule#16 (4) {
private $sRule =>
string(9) "font-size"
private $mValue =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Value\Size#17 (4) {
private $fSize =>
double(1.6)
private $sUnit =>
string(2) "em"
private $bIsColorComponent =>
bool(false)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(9)
}
private $bIsImportant =>
bool(false)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(9)
}
}
}
protected $iLineNo =>
int(8)
}
[3] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\CSSList\KeyFrame#18 (4) {
private $vendorKeyFrame =>
string(9) "keyframes"
private $animationName =>
string(6) "mymove"
protected $aContents =>
array(2) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\RuleSet\DeclarationBlock#19 (3) {
private $aSelectors =>
array(1) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Property\Selector#20 (2) {
private $sSelector =>
string(4) "from"
private $iSpecificity =>
NULL
}
}
private $aRules =>
array(1) {
'top' =>
array(1) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Rule\Rule#21 (4) {
private $sRule =>
string(3) "top"
private $mValue =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Value\Size#22 (4) {
private $fSize =>
double(0)
private $sUnit =>
string(2) "px"
private $bIsColorComponent =>
bool(false)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(13)
}
private $bIsImportant =>
bool(false)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(13)
}
}
}
protected $iLineNo =>
int(13)
}
[1] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\RuleSet\DeclarationBlock#23 (3) {
private $aSelectors =>
array(1) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Property\Selector#24 (2) {
private $sSelector =>
string(2) "to"
private $iSpecificity =>
NULL
}
}
private $aRules =>
array(1) {
'top' =>
array(1) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Rule\Rule#25 (4) {
private $sRule =>
string(3) "top"
private $mValue =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Value\Size#26 (4) {
private $fSize =>
double(200)
private $sUnit =>
string(2) "px"
private $bIsColorComponent =>
bool(false)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(14)
}
private $bIsImportant =>
bool(false)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(14)
}
}
}
protected $iLineNo =>
int(14)
}
}
protected $iLineNo =>
int(12)
}
}
protected $iLineNo =>
int(1)
}
```
#### Output (`render()`)
```css
@charset "utf-8";
@font-face {font-family: "CrassRoots";src: url("../media/cr.ttf");}
html, body {font-size: 1.6em;}
@keyframes mymove {from {top: 0px;} to {top: 200px;}}
```
### Example 2 (Values)
#### Input
```css
#header {
margin: 10px 2em 1cm 2%;
font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, "Gill Sans", sans-serif;
color: red !important;
}
```
#### Structure (`var_dump()`)
```php
class Sabberworm\CSS\CSSList\Document#4 (2) {
protected $aContents =>
array(1) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\RuleSet\DeclarationBlock#5 (3) {
private $aSelectors =>
array(1) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Property\Selector#6 (2) {
private $sSelector =>
string(7) "#header"
private $iSpecificity =>
NULL
}
}
private $aRules =>
array(3) {
'margin' =>
array(1) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Rule\Rule#7 (4) {
private $sRule =>
string(6) "margin"
private $mValue =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Value\RuleValueList#12 (3) {
protected $aComponents =>
array(4) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Value\Size#8 (4) {
private $fSize =>
double(10)
private $sUnit =>
string(2) "px"
private $bIsColorComponent =>
bool(false)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(2)
}
[1] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Value\Size#9 (4) {
private $fSize =>
double(2)
private $sUnit =>
string(2) "em"
private $bIsColorComponent =>
bool(false)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(2)
}
[2] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Value\Size#10 (4) {
private $fSize =>
double(1)
private $sUnit =>
string(2) "cm"
private $bIsColorComponent =>
bool(false)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(2)
}
[3] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Value\Size#11 (4) {
private $fSize =>
double(2)
private $sUnit =>
string(1) "%"
private $bIsColorComponent =>
bool(false)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(2)
}
}
protected $sSeparator =>
string(1) " "
protected $iLineNo =>
int(2)
}
private $bIsImportant =>
bool(false)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(2)
}
}
'font-family' =>
array(1) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Rule\Rule#13 (4) {
private $sRule =>
string(11) "font-family"
private $mValue =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Value\RuleValueList#15 (3) {
protected $aComponents =>
array(4) {
[0] =>
string(7) "Verdana"
[1] =>
string(9) "Helvetica"
[2] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Value\CSSString#14 (2) {
private $sString =>
string(9) "Gill Sans"
protected $iLineNo =>
int(3)
}
[3] =>
string(10) "sans-serif"
}
protected $sSeparator =>
string(1) ","
protected $iLineNo =>
int(3)
}
private $bIsImportant =>
bool(false)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(3)
}
}
'color' =>
array(1) {
[0] =>
class Sabberworm\CSS\Rule\Rule#16 (4) {
private $sRule =>
string(5) "color"
private $mValue =>
string(3) "red"
private $bIsImportant =>
bool(true)
protected $iLineNo =>
int(4)
}
}
}
protected $iLineNo =>
int(1)
}
}
protected $iLineNo =>
int(1)
}
```
#### Output (`render()`)
```css
#header {margin: 10px 2em 1cm 2%;font-family: Verdana,Helvetica,"Gill Sans",sans-serif;color: red !important;}
```
## Contributors/Thanks to
* [oliverklee](https://github.com/oliverklee) for lots of refactorings, code modernizations and CI integrations
* [raxbg](https://github.com/raxbg) for contributions to parse `calc`, grid lines, and various bugfixes.
* [westonruter](https://github.com/westonruter) for bugfixes and improvements.
* [FMCorz](https://github.com/FMCorz) for many patches and suggestions, for being able to parse comments and IE hacks (in lenient mode).
* [Lullabot](https://github.com/Lullabot) for a patch that allows to know the line number for each parsed token.
* [ju1ius](https://github.com/ju1ius) for the specificity parsing code and the ability to expand/compact shorthand properties.
* [ossinkine](https://github.com/ossinkine) for a 150 time performance boost.
* [GaryJones](https://github.com/GaryJones) for lots of input and [https://css-specificity.info/](https://css-specificity.info/).
* [docteurklein](https://github.com/docteurklein) for output formatting and `CSSList->remove()` inspiration.
* [nicolopignatelli](https://github.com/nicolopignatelli) for PSR-0 compatibility.
* [diegoembarcadero](https://github.com/diegoembarcadero) for keyframe at-rule parsing.
* [goetas](https://github.com/goetas) for @namespace at-rule support.
* [View full list](https://github.com/sabberworm/PHP-CSS-Parser/contributors)
## Misc
* Legacy Support: The latest pre-PSR-0 version of this project can be checked with the `0.9.0` tag.
* Running Tests: To run all unit tests for this project, run `composer install` to install phpunit and use `./vendor/bin/phpunit`.
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