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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >Client Interfaces</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK REV="MADE" HREF="mailto:pgsql-docs@postgresql.org"><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation" HREF="index.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="Test Coverage Examination" HREF="regress-coverage.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="libpq - C Library" HREF="libpq.html"><LINK REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css" HREF="stylesheet.css"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><META NAME="creation" CONTENT="2017-11-06T22:43:11"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="PART" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE SUMMARY="Header navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="5" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="index.html" >PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation</A ></TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A TITLE="Test Coverage Examination" HREF="regress-coverage.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="index.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="60%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ></TD ><TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A TITLE="libpq - C Library" HREF="libpq.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><DIV CLASS="PART" ><A NAME="CLIENT-INTERFACES" ></A ><DIV CLASS="TITLEPAGE" ><H1 CLASS="TITLE" >IV. Client Interfaces</H1 ><DIV CLASS="PARTINTRO" ><A NAME="AEN38258" ></A ><P > This part describes the client programming interfaces distributed with <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN >. Each of these chapters can be read independently. Note that there are many other programming interfaces for client programs that are distributed separately and contain their own documentation (<A HREF="external-projects.html" >Appendix H</A > lists some of the more popular ones). Readers of this part should be familiar with using <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > commands to manipulate and query the database (see <A HREF="sql.html" >Part II</A >) and of course with the programming language that the interface uses. </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="TOC" ><DL ><DT ><B >Table of Contents</B ></DT ><DT >31. <A HREF="libpq.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >libpq</SPAN > - C Library</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >31.1. <A HREF="libpq-connect.html" >Database Connection Control Functions</A ></DT ><DT >31.2. <A HREF="libpq-status.html" >Connection Status Functions</A ></DT ><DT >31.3. <A HREF="libpq-exec.html" >Command Execution Functions</A ></DT ><DT >31.4. <A HREF="libpq-async.html" >Asynchronous Command Processing</A ></DT ><DT >31.5. <A HREF="libpq-single-row-mode.html" >Retrieving Query Results Row-By-Row</A ></DT ><DT >31.6. <A HREF="libpq-cancel.html" >Canceling Queries in Progress</A ></DT ><DT >31.7. <A HREF="libpq-fastpath.html" >The Fast-Path Interface</A ></DT ><DT >31.8. <A HREF="libpq-notify.html" >Asynchronous Notification</A ></DT ><DT >31.9. <A HREF="libpq-copy.html" >Functions Associated with the <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >COPY</TT > Command</A ></DT ><DT >31.10. <A HREF="libpq-control.html" >Control Functions</A ></DT ><DT >31.11. <A HREF="libpq-misc.html" >Miscellaneous Functions</A ></DT ><DT >31.12. <A HREF="libpq-notice-processing.html" >Notice Processing</A ></DT ><DT >31.13. <A HREF="libpq-events.html" >Event System</A ></DT ><DT >31.14. <A HREF="libpq-envars.html" >Environment Variables</A ></DT ><DT >31.15. <A HREF="libpq-pgpass.html" >The Password File</A ></DT ><DT >31.16. <A HREF="libpq-pgservice.html" >The Connection Service File</A ></DT ><DT >31.17. <A HREF="libpq-ldap.html" >LDAP Lookup of Connection Parameters</A ></DT ><DT >31.18. <A HREF="libpq-ssl.html" >SSL Support</A ></DT ><DT >31.19. <A HREF="libpq-threading.html" >Behavior in Threaded Programs</A ></DT ><DT >31.20. <A HREF="libpq-build.html" >Building <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >libpq</SPAN > Programs</A ></DT ><DT >31.21. <A HREF="libpq-example.html" >Example Programs</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >32. <A HREF="largeobjects.html" >Large Objects</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >32.1. <A HREF="lo-intro.html" >Introduction</A ></DT ><DT >32.2. <A HREF="lo-implementation.html" >Implementation Features</A ></DT ><DT >32.3. <A HREF="lo-interfaces.html" >Client Interfaces</A ></DT ><DT >32.4. <A HREF="lo-funcs.html" >Server-side Functions</A ></DT ><DT >32.5. <A HREF="lo-examplesect.html" >Example Program</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >33. <A HREF="ecpg.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >ECPG</SPAN > - Embedded <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > in C</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >33.1. <A HREF="ecpg-concept.html" >The Concept</A ></DT ><DT >33.2. <A HREF="ecpg-connect.html" >Managing Database Connections</A ></DT ><DT >33.3. <A HREF="ecpg-commands.html" >Running SQL Commands</A ></DT ><DT >33.4. <A HREF="ecpg-variables.html" >Using Host Variables</A ></DT ><DT >33.5. <A HREF="ecpg-dynamic.html" >Dynamic SQL</A ></DT ><DT >33.6. <A HREF="ecpg-pgtypes.html" >pgtypes Library</A ></DT ><DT >33.7. <A HREF="ecpg-descriptors.html" >Using Descriptor Areas</A ></DT ><DT >33.8. <A HREF="ecpg-errors.html" >Error Handling</A ></DT ><DT >33.9. <A HREF="ecpg-preproc.html" >Preprocessor Directives</A ></DT ><DT >33.10. <A HREF="ecpg-process.html" >Processing Embedded SQL Programs</A ></DT ><DT >33.11. <A HREF="ecpg-library.html" >Library Functions</A ></DT ><DT >33.12. <A HREF="ecpg-lo.html" >Large Objects</A ></DT ><DT >33.13. <A HREF="ecpg-cpp.html" ><ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >C++</ACRONYM > Applications</A ></DT ><DT >33.14. <A HREF="ecpg-sql-commands.html" >Embedded SQL Commands</A ></DT ><DT >33.15. <A HREF="ecpg-informix-compat.html" ><SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >Informix</SPAN > Compatibility Mode</A ></DT ><DT >33.16. <A HREF="ecpg-develop.html" >Internals</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >34. <A HREF="information-schema.html" >The Information Schema</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >34.1. <A HREF="infoschema-schema.html" >The Schema</A ></DT ><DT >34.2. <A HREF="infoschema-datatypes.html" >Data Types</A ></DT ><DT >34.3. <A HREF="infoschema-information-schema-catalog-name.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >information_schema_catalog_name</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.4. <A HREF="infoschema-administrable-role-authorizations.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >administrable_role_authorizations</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.5. <A HREF="infoschema-applicable-roles.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >applicable_roles</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.6. <A HREF="infoschema-attributes.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >attributes</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.7. <A HREF="infoschema-character-sets.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >character_sets</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.8. <A HREF="infoschema-check-constraint-routine-usage.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >check_constraint_routine_usage</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.9. <A HREF="infoschema-check-constraints.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >check_constraints</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.10. <A HREF="infoschema-collations.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >collations</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.11. <A HREF="infoschema-collation-character-set-applicab.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >collation_character_set_applicability</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.12. <A HREF="infoschema-column-domain-usage.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >column_domain_usage</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.13. <A HREF="infoschema-column-options.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >column_options</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.14. <A HREF="infoschema-column-privileges.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >column_privileges</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.15. <A HREF="infoschema-column-udt-usage.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >column_udt_usage</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.16. <A HREF="infoschema-columns.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >columns</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.17. <A HREF="infoschema-constraint-column-usage.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >constraint_column_usage</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.18. <A HREF="infoschema-constraint-table-usage.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >constraint_table_usage</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.19. <A HREF="infoschema-data-type-privileges.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >data_type_privileges</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.20. <A HREF="infoschema-domain-constraints.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >domain_constraints</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.21. <A HREF="infoschema-domain-udt-usage.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >domain_udt_usage</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.22. <A HREF="infoschema-domains.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >domains</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.23. <A HREF="infoschema-element-types.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >element_types</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.24. <A HREF="infoschema-enabled-roles.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >enabled_roles</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.25. <A HREF="infoschema-foreign-data-wrapper-options.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >foreign_data_wrapper_options</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.26. <A HREF="infoschema-foreign-data-wrappers.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >foreign_data_wrappers</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.27. <A HREF="infoschema-foreign-server-options.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >foreign_server_options</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.28. <A HREF="infoschema-foreign-servers.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >foreign_servers</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.29. <A HREF="infoschema-foreign-table-options.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >foreign_table_options</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.30. <A HREF="infoschema-foreign-tables.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >foreign_tables</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.31. <A HREF="infoschema-key-column-usage.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >key_column_usage</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.32. <A HREF="infoschema-parameters.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >parameters</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.33. <A HREF="infoschema-referential-constraints.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >referential_constraints</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.34. <A HREF="infoschema-role-column-grants.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >role_column_grants</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.35. <A HREF="infoschema-role-routine-grants.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >role_routine_grants</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.36. <A HREF="infoschema-role-table-grants.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >role_table_grants</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.37. <A HREF="infoschema-role-udt-grants.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >role_udt_grants</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.38. <A HREF="infoschema-role-usage-grants.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >role_usage_grants</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.39. <A HREF="infoschema-routine-privileges.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >routine_privileges</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.40. <A HREF="infoschema-routines.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >routines</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.41. <A HREF="infoschema-schemata.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >schemata</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.42. <A HREF="infoschema-sequences.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >sequences</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.43. <A HREF="infoschema-sql-features.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >sql_features</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.44. <A HREF="infoschema-sql-implementation-info.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >sql_implementation_info</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.45. <A HREF="infoschema-sql-languages.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >sql_languages</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.46. <A HREF="infoschema-sql-packages.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >sql_packages</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.47. <A HREF="infoschema-sql-parts.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >sql_parts</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.48. <A HREF="infoschema-sql-sizing.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >sql_sizing</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.49. <A HREF="infoschema-sql-sizing-profiles.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >sql_sizing_profiles</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.50. <A HREF="infoschema-table-constraints.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >table_constraints</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.51. <A HREF="infoschema-table-privileges.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >table_privileges</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.52. <A HREF="infoschema-tables.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >tables</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.53. <A HREF="infoschema-triggered-update-columns.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >triggered_update_columns</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.54. <A HREF="infoschema-triggers.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >triggers</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.55. <A HREF="infoschema-udt-privileges.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >udt_privileges</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.56. <A HREF="infoschema-usage-privileges.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >usage_privileges</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.57. <A HREF="infoschema-user-defined-types.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >user_defined_types</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.58. <A HREF="infoschema-user-mapping-options.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >user_mapping_options</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.59. <A HREF="infoschema-user-mappings.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >user_mappings</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.60. <A HREF="infoschema-view-column-usage.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >view_column_usage</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.61. <A HREF="infoschema-view-routine-usage.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >view_routine_usage</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.62. <A HREF="infoschema-view-table-usage.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >view_table_usage</TT ></A ></DT ><DT >34.63. <A HREF="infoschema-views.html" ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >views</TT ></A ></DT ></DL ></DD ></DL ></DIV 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