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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >String Functions and Operators</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK REV="MADE" HREF="mailto:pgsql-docs@postgresql.org"><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation" HREF="index.html"><LINK REL="UP" TITLE="Functions and Operators" HREF="functions.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="Mathematical Functions and Operators" HREF="functions-math.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="Binary String Functions and Operators" HREF="functions-binarystring.html"><LINK REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css" HREF="stylesheet.css"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><META NAME="creation" CONTENT="2017-11-06T22:43:11"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="SECT1" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE SUMMARY="Header navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="5" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="index.html" >PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation</A ></TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A TITLE="Mathematical Functions and Operators" HREF="functions-math.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="60%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" >Chapter 9. Functions and Operators</TD ><TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A TITLE="Binary String Functions and Operators" HREF="functions-binarystring.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT1" ><H1 CLASS="SECT1" ><A NAME="FUNCTIONS-STRING" >9.4. String Functions and Operators</A ></H1 ><P > This section describes functions and operators for examining and manipulating string values. Strings in this context include values of the types <TT CLASS="TYPE" >character</TT >, <TT CLASS="TYPE" >character varying</TT >, and <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >. Unless otherwise noted, all of the functions listed below work on all of these types, but be wary of potential effects of automatic space-padding when using the <TT CLASS="TYPE" >character</TT > type. Some functions also exist natively for the bit-string types. </P ><P > <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > defines some string functions that use key words, rather than commas, to separate arguments. Details are in <A HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-SQL" >Table 9-6</A >. <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > also provides versions of these functions that use the regular function invocation syntax (see <A HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-OTHER" >Table 9-7</A >). </P ><DIV CLASS="NOTE" ><BLOCKQUOTE CLASS="NOTE" ><P ><B >Note: </B > Before <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > 8.3, these functions would silently accept values of several non-string data types as well, due to the presence of implicit coercions from those data types to <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >. Those coercions have been removed because they frequently caused surprising behaviors. However, the string concatenation operator (<TT CLASS="LITERAL" >||</TT >) still accepts non-string input, so long as at least one input is of a string type, as shown in <A HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-SQL" >Table 9-6</A >. For other cases, insert an explicit coercion to <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > if you need to duplicate the previous behavior. </P ></BLOCKQUOTE ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="TABLE" ><A NAME="FUNCTIONS-STRING-SQL" ></A ><P ><B >Table 9-6. <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > String Functions and Operators</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="1" CLASS="CALSTABLE" ><COL><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD ><TR ><TH >Function</TH ><TH >Return Type</TH ><TH >Description</TH ><TH >Example</TH ><TH >Result</TH ></TR ></THEAD ><TBODY ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >||</TT > <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT ></TT ></TD ><TD > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > </TD ><TD > String concatenation </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >'Post' || 'greSQL'</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PostgreSQL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >||</TT > <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >non-string</TT ></TT > or <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >non-string</TT > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >||</TT > <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT ></TT > </TD ><TD > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > </TD ><TD > String concatenation with one non-string input </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >'Value: ' || 42</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >Value: 42</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >bit_length(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT ></TD ><TD >Number of bits in string</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >bit_length('jose')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >32</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >char_length(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</CODE ></TT > or <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >character_length(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT ></TD ><TD > Number of characters in string </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >char_length('jose')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >4</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >lower(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >Convert string to lower case</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >lower('TOM')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >tom</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >octet_length(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT ></TD ><TD >Number of bytes in string</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >octet_length('jose')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >4</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >overlay(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > placing <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > from <TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >for <TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT ></SPAN >])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Replace substring </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >overlay('Txxxxas' placing 'hom' from 2 for 4)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >Thomas</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >position(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >substring</TT > in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT ></TD ><TD >Location of specified substring</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >position('om' in 'Thomas')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >3</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >substring(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >from <TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT ></SPAN >] [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >for <TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT ></SPAN >])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Extract substring </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >substring('Thomas' from 2 for 3)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >hom</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >substring(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > from <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >pattern</I ></TT >)</CODE ></TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Extract substring matching POSIX regular expression. See <A HREF="functions-matching.html" >Section 9.7</A > for more information on pattern matching. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >substring('Thomas' from '...$')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mas</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >substring(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > from <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >pattern</I ></TT > for <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >escape</I ></TT >)</CODE ></TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Extract substring matching <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > regular expression. See <A HREF="functions-matching.html" >Section 9.7</A > for more information on pattern matching. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >substring('Thomas' from '%#"o_a#"_' for '#')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >oma</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >trim([<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >leading | trailing | both</SPAN >] [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" ><TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT ></SPAN >] from <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Remove the longest string containing only characters from <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT > (a space by default) from the start, end, or both ends (<TT CLASS="LITERAL" >both</TT > is the default) of <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >trim(both 'xyz' from 'yxTomxx')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >Tom</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >upper(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >Convert string to upper case</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >upper('tom')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >TOM</TT ></TD ></TR ></TBODY ></TABLE ></DIV ><P > Additional string manipulation functions are available and are listed in <A HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-OTHER" >Table 9-7</A >. Some of them are used internally to implement the <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM >-standard string functions listed in <A HREF="functions-string.html#FUNCTIONS-STRING-SQL" >Table 9-6</A >. </P ><DIV CLASS="TABLE" ><A NAME="FUNCTIONS-STRING-OTHER" ></A ><P ><B >Table 9-7. Other String Functions</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="1" CLASS="CALSTABLE" ><COL><COL><COL><COL><COL><THEAD ><TR ><TH >Function</TH ><TH >Return Type</TH ><TH >Description</TH ><TH >Example</TH ><TH >Result</TH ></TR ></THEAD ><TBODY ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >ascii(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT ></TD ><TD > <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >ASCII</ACRONYM > code of the first character of the argument. For <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >UTF8</ACRONYM > returns the Unicode code point of the character. For other multibyte encodings, the argument must be an <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >ASCII</ACRONYM > character. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ascii('x')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >120</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >btrim(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></SPAN >])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Remove the longest string consisting only of characters in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT > (a space by default) from the start and end of <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >btrim('xyxtrimyyx', 'xyz')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >trim</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >chr(<TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Character with the given code. For <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >UTF8</ACRONYM > the argument is treated as a Unicode code point. For other multibyte encodings the argument must designate an <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >ASCII</ACRONYM > character. The NULL (0) character is not allowed because text data types cannot store such bytes. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >chr(65)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >A</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >concat(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >str</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >"any"</TT > [, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >str</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >"any"</TT > [, ...] ])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Concatenate all arguments. NULL arguments are ignored. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >concat('abcde', 2, NULL, 22)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >abcde222</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >concat_ws(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >sep</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >str</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >"any"</TT > [, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >str</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >"any"</TT > [, ...] ])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Concatenate all but first arguments with separators. The first parameter is used as a separator. NULL arguments are ignored. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >concat_ws(',', 'abcde', 2, NULL, 22)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >abcde,2,22</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >convert(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >bytea</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >src_encoding</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >dest_encoding</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >bytea</TT ></TD ><TD > Convert string to <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >dest_encoding</TT >. The original encoding is specified by <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >src_encoding</TT >. The <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > must be valid in this encoding. Conversions can be defined by <TT CLASS="COMMAND" >CREATE CONVERSION</TT >. Also there are some predefined conversions. See <A HREF="functions-string.html#CONVERSION-NAMES" >Table 9-8</A > for available conversions. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >convert('text_in_utf8', 'UTF8', 'LATIN1')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >text_in_utf8</TT > represented in Latin-1 encoding (ISO 8859-1)</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >convert_from(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >bytea</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >src_encoding</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Convert string to the database encoding. The original encoding is specified by <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >src_encoding</TT >. The <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > must be valid in this encoding. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >convert_from('text_in_utf8', 'UTF8')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >text_in_utf8</TT > represented in the current database encoding</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >convert_to(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >dest_encoding</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >bytea</TT ></TD ><TD > Convert string to <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >dest_encoding</TT >. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >convert_to('some text', 'UTF8')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >some text</TT > represented in the UTF8 encoding</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >decode(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >format</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >bytea</TT ></TD ><TD > Decode binary data from textual representation in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >. Options for <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >format</TT > are same as in <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >encode</CODE >. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >decode('MTIzAAE=', 'base64')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >\x3132330001</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >encode(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >data</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >bytea</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >format</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Encode binary data into a textual representation. Supported formats are: <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >base64</TT >, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >hex</TT >, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >escape</TT >. <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >escape</TT > converts zero bytes and high-bit-set bytes to octal sequences (<TT CLASS="LITERAL" >\</TT ><TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >nnn</I ></TT >) and doubles backslashes. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >encode(E'123\\000\\001', 'base64')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MTIzAAE=</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><A NAME="FORMAT" ></A ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >format</CODE >(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >formatstr</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > [, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >str</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >"any"</TT > [, ...] ])</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Format a string. This function is similar to the C function <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >sprintf</CODE >; but only the following conversion specifications are recognized: <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >%s</TT > interpolates the corresponding argument as a string; <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >%I</TT > escapes its argument as an SQL identifier; <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >%L</TT > escapes its argument as an SQL literal; <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >%%</TT > outputs a literal <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >%</TT >. A conversion can reference an explicit parameter position by preceding the conversion specifier with <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >n</I ></TT >$</TT >, where <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >n</I ></TT > is the argument position. See also <A HREF="plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-QUOTE-LITERAL-EXAMPLE" >Example 39-1</A >. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >format('Hello %s, %1$s', 'World')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >Hello World, World</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >initcap(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Convert the first letter of each word to upper case and the rest to lower case. Words are sequences of alphanumeric characters separated by non-alphanumeric characters. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >initcap('hi THOMAS')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >Hi Thomas</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >left(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >str</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >n</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Return first <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >n</I ></TT > characters in the string. When <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >n</I ></TT > is negative, return all but last |<TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >n</I ></TT >| characters. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >left('abcde', 2)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ab</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >length(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT ></TD ><TD > Number of characters in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >length('jose')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >4</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >length(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >bytea</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >encoding</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT > )</CODE ></TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT ></TD ><TD > Number of characters in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > in the given <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >encoding</TT >. The <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > must be valid in this encoding. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >length('jose', 'UTF8')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >4</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >lpad(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >length</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >fill</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></SPAN >])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Fill up the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > to length <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >length</TT > by prepending the characters <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >fill</TT > (a space by default). If the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > is already longer than <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >length</TT > then it is truncated (on the right). </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >lpad('hi', 5, 'xy')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >xyxhi</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >ltrim(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></SPAN >])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Remove the longest string containing only characters from <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT > (a space by default) from the start of <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ltrim('zzzytest', 'xyz')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >test</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >md5(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Calculates the MD5 hash of <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >, returning the result in hexadecimal </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >md5('abc')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >900150983cd24fb0 d6963f7d28e17f72</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >pg_client_encoding()</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >name</TT ></TD ><TD > Current client encoding name </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >pg_client_encoding()</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SQL_ASCII</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >quote_ident(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Return the given string suitably quoted to be used as an identifier in an <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > statement string. Quotes are added only if necessary (i.e., if the string contains non-identifier characters or would be case-folded). Embedded quotes are properly doubled. See also <A HREF="plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-QUOTE-LITERAL-EXAMPLE" >Example 39-1</A >. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >quote_ident('Foo bar')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >"Foo bar"</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >quote_literal(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Return the given string suitably quoted to be used as a string literal in an <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > statement string. Embedded single-quotes and backslashes are properly doubled. Note that <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >quote_literal</CODE > returns null on null input; if the argument might be null, <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >quote_nullable</CODE > is often more suitable. See also <A HREF="plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-QUOTE-LITERAL-EXAMPLE" >Example 39-1</A >. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >quote_literal(E'O\'Reilly')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >'O''Reilly'</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >quote_literal(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >value</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >anyelement</TT >)</CODE ></TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Coerce the given value to text and then quote it as a literal. Embedded single-quotes and backslashes are properly doubled. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >quote_literal(42.5)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >'42.5'</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >quote_nullable(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Return the given string suitably quoted to be used as a string literal in an <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > statement string; or, if the argument is null, return <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >NULL</TT >. Embedded single-quotes and backslashes are properly doubled. See also <A HREF="plpgsql-statements.html#PLPGSQL-QUOTE-LITERAL-EXAMPLE" >Example 39-1</A >. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >quote_nullable(NULL)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >NULL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >quote_nullable(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >value</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >anyelement</TT >)</CODE ></TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Coerce the given value to text and then quote it as a literal; or, if the argument is null, return <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >NULL</TT >. Embedded single-quotes and backslashes are properly doubled. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >quote_nullable(42.5)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >'42.5'</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >regexp_matches(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >pattern</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > [, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >flags</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >setof text[]</TT ></TD ><TD > Return all captured substrings resulting from matching a POSIX regular expression against the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >. See <A HREF="functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-POSIX-REGEXP" >Section 9.7.3</A > for more information. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', '(bar)(beque)')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >{bar,beque}</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >regexp_replace(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >pattern</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >replacement</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > [, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >flags</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Replace substring(s) matching a POSIX regular expression. See <A HREF="functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-POSIX-REGEXP" >Section 9.7.3</A > for more information. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >regexp_replace('Thomas', '.[mN]a.', 'M')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ThM</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >regexp_split_to_array(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >pattern</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > [, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >flags</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > ])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text[]</TT ></TD ><TD > Split <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > using a POSIX regular expression as the delimiter. See <A HREF="functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-POSIX-REGEXP" >Section 9.7.3</A > for more information. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >regexp_split_to_array('hello world', E'\\s+')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >{hello,world}</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >regexp_split_to_table(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >pattern</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > [, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >flags</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >setof text</TT ></TD ><TD > Split <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > using a POSIX regular expression as the delimiter. See <A HREF="functions-matching.html#FUNCTIONS-POSIX-REGEXP" >Section 9.7.3</A > for more information. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >regexp_split_to_table('hello world', E'\\s+')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >hello</TT ><P ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >world</TT ></P > (2 rows)</TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >repeat(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >number</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >Repeat <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > the specified <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >number</TT > of times</TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >repeat('Pg', 4)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PgPgPgPg</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >replace(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >from</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >to</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >Replace all occurrences in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > of substring <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >from</TT > with substring <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >to</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >replace('abcdefabcdef', 'cd', 'XX')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >abXXefabXXef</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >reverse(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >str</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Return reversed string. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >reverse('abcde')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >edcba</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >right(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >str</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >n</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Return last <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >n</I ></TT > characters in the string. When <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >n</I ></TT > is negative, return all but first |<TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >n</I ></TT >| characters. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >right('abcde', 2)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >de</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >rpad(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >length</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >fill</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></SPAN >])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Fill up the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > to length <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >length</TT > by appending the characters <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >fill</TT > (a space by default). If the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > is already longer than <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >length</TT > then it is truncated. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >rpad('hi', 5, 'xy')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >hixyx</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >rtrim(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></SPAN >])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Remove the longest string containing only characters from <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >characters</TT > (a space by default) from the end of <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >rtrim('testxxzx', 'xyz')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >test</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >split_part(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >delimiter</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >field</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >Split <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > on <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >delimiter</TT > and return the given field (counting from one) </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >split_part('abc~@~def~@~ghi', '~@~', 2)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >def</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >strpos(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >substring</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT ></TD ><TD > Location of specified substring (same as <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >position(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >substring</TT > in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >)</TT >, but note the reversed argument order) </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >strpos('high', 'ig')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >2</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >substr(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >from</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >count</TT ></SPAN >])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Extract substring (same as <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >substring(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > from <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >from</TT > for <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >count</TT >)</TT >) </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >substr('alphabet', 3, 2)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ph</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >to_ascii(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT > [<SPAN CLASS="OPTIONAL" >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >encoding</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></SPAN >])</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Convert <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > to <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >ASCII</ACRONYM > from another encoding (only supports conversion from <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN1</TT >, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN2</TT >, <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN9</TT >, and <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1250</TT > encodings) </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >to_ascii('Karel')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >Karel</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >to_hex(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >number</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >int</TT > or <TT CLASS="TYPE" >bigint</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD >Convert <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >number</TT > to its equivalent hexadecimal representation </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >to_hex(2147483647)</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >7fffffff</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >translate(<TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >from</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >, <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >to</TT > <TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT >)</CODE ></TT > </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="TYPE" >text</TT ></TD ><TD > Any character in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >string</TT > that matches a character in the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >from</TT > set is replaced by the corresponding character in the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >to</TT > set. If <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >from</TT > is longer than <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >to</TT >, occurrences of the extra characters in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >from</TT > are removed. </TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >translate('12345', '143', 'ax')</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >a2x5</TT ></TD ></TR ></TBODY ></TABLE ></DIV ><P > See also the aggregate function <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >string_agg</CODE > in <A HREF="functions-aggregate.html" >Section 9.20</A >. </P ><DIV CLASS="TABLE" ><A NAME="CONVERSION-NAMES" ></A ><P ><B >Table 9-8. Built-in Conversions</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="1" CLASS="CALSTABLE" ><COL><COL><COL><THEAD ><TR ><TH >Conversion Name <A NAME="AEN10067" HREF="#FTN.AEN10067" ><SPAN CLASS="footnote" >[a]</SPAN ></A > </TH ><TH >Source Encoding</TH ><TH >Destination Encoding</TH ></TR ></THEAD ><TBODY ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ascii_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SQL_ASCII</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ascii_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SQL_ASCII</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >big5_to_euc_tw</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >BIG5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_TW</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >big5_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >BIG5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >big5_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >BIG5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_cn_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_CN</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_cn_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_CN</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_jp_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JP</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_jp_to_sjis</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JP</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SJIS</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_jp_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JP</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_kr_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_KR</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_kr_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_KR</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_tw_to_big5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_TW</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >BIG5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_tw_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_TW</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_tw_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_TW</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >gb18030_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >GB18030</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >gbk_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >GBK</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_10_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN6</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_13_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN7</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_14_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_15_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN9</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_16_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN10</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_1_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN1</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_1_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN1</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_2_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN2</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_2_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN2</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_2_to_windows_1250</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN2</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1250</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_3_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN3</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_3_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN3</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_4_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN4</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_4_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN4</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_5_to_koi8_r</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8R</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_5_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_5_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_5_to_windows_1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1251</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_5_to_windows_866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN866</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_6_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_6</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_7_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_7</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_8_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >iso_8859_9_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >johab_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >JOHAB</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >koi8_r_to_iso_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8R</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >koi8_r_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8R</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >koi8_r_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8R</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >koi8_r_to_windows_1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8R</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1251</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >koi8_r_to_windows_866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8R</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN866</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >koi8_u_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8U</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_ascii</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SQL_ASCII</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_big5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >BIG5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_euc_cn</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_CN</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_euc_jp</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JP</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_euc_kr</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_KR</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_euc_tw</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_TW</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_iso_8859_1</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN1</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_iso_8859_2</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN2</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_iso_8859_3</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN3</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_iso_8859_4</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN4</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_iso_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_koi8_r</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8R</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_sjis</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SJIS</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_windows_1250</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1250</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_windows_1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1251</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >mic_to_windows_866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN866</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >sjis_to_euc_jp</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SJIS</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JP</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >sjis_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SJIS</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >sjis_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SJIS</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >tcvn_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1258</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >uhc_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UHC</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_ascii</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SQL_ASCII</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_big5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >BIG5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_euc_cn</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_CN</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_euc_jp</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JP</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_euc_kr</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_KR</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_euc_tw</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_TW</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_gb18030</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >GB18030</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_gbk</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >GBK</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_iso_8859_1</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN1</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_iso_8859_10</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN6</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_iso_8859_13</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN7</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_iso_8859_14</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_iso_8859_15</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN9</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_iso_8859_16</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN10</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_iso_8859_2</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN2</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_iso_8859_3</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN3</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_iso_8859_4</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN4</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_iso_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_iso_8859_6</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_6</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_iso_8859_7</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_7</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_iso_8859_8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_iso_8859_9</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_johab</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >JOHAB</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_koi8_r</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8R</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_koi8_u</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8U</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_sjis</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SJIS</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_tcvn</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1258</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_uhc</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UHC</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_windows_1250</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1250</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_windows_1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1251</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_windows_1252</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1252</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_windows_1253</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1253</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_windows_1254</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1254</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_windows_1255</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1255</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_windows_1256</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1256</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_windows_1257</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1257</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_windows_866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN866</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_windows_874</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN874</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1250_to_iso_8859_2</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1250</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >LATIN2</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1250_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1250</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1250_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1250</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1251_to_iso_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1251_to_koi8_r</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8R</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1251_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1251_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1251_to_windows_866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN866</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1252_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1252</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_1256_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN1256</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_866_to_iso_8859_5</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ISO_8859_5</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_866_to_koi8_r</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >KOI8R</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_866_to_mic</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >MULE_INTERNAL</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_866_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_866_to_windows_1251</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN866</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >windows_874_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >WIN874</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_jis_2004_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JIS_2004</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_euc_jis_2004</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JIS_2004</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >shift_jis_2004_to_utf8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SHIFT_JIS_2004</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >utf8_to_shift_jis_2004</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >UTF8</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SHIFT_JIS_2004</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >euc_jis_2004_to_shift_jis_2004</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JIS_2004</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SHIFT_JIS_2004</TT ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >shift_jis_2004_to_euc_jis_2004</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SHIFT_JIS_2004</TT ></TD ><TD ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >EUC_JIS_2004</TT ></TD ></TR ></TBODY ><TR ><TD COLSPAN="3" >Notes:<BR><A NAME="FTN.AEN10067" >a. </A > The conversion names follow a standard naming scheme: The official name of the source encoding with all non-alphanumeric characters replaced by underscores, followed by <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >_to_</TT >, followed by the similarly processed destination encoding name. Therefore, the names might deviate from the customary encoding names. <BR></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions-math.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="index.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions-binarystring.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" >Mathematical Functions and Operators</TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="functions.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >Binary String Functions and Operators</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >