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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >Environment Variables</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK REV="MADE" HREF="mailto:pgsql-docs@postgresql.org"><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation" HREF="index.html"><LINK REL="UP" TITLE="libpq - C Library" HREF="libpq.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="Event System" HREF="libpq-events.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="The Password File" HREF="libpq-pgpass.html"><LINK REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css" HREF="stylesheet.css"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><META NAME="creation" CONTENT="2017-11-06T22:43:11"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="SECT1" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE SUMMARY="Header navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="5" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="index.html" >PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation</A ></TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A TITLE="Event System" HREF="libpq-events.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="libpq.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="60%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" >Chapter 31. <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >libpq</SPAN > - C Library</TD ><TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A TITLE="The Password File" HREF="libpq-pgpass.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT1" ><H1 CLASS="SECT1" ><A NAME="LIBPQ-ENVARS" >31.14. Environment Variables</A ></H1 ><P > The following environment variables can be used to select default connection parameter values, which will be used by <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQconnectdb</CODE >, <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQsetdbLogin</CODE > and <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQsetdb</CODE > if no value is directly specified by the calling code. These are useful to avoid hard-coding database connection information into simple client applications, for example. <P ></P ></P><UL ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGHOST</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-HOST" >host</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGHOSTADDR</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-HOSTADDR" >hostaddr</A > connection parameter. This can be set instead of or in addition to <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGHOST</TT > to avoid DNS lookup overhead. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGPORT</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-PORT" >port</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGDATABASE</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-DBNAME" >dbname</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGUSER</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-USER" >user</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGPASSWORD</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-PASSWORD" >password</A > connection parameter. Use of this environment variable is not recommended for security reasons, as some operating systems allow non-root users to see process environment variables via <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >ps</SPAN >; instead consider using the <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >~/.pgpass</TT > file (see <A HREF="libpq-pgpass.html" >Section 31.15</A >). </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGPASSFILE</TT > specifies the name of the password file to use for lookups. If not set, it defaults to <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >~/.pgpass</TT > (see <A HREF="libpq-pgpass.html" >Section 31.15</A >). </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGSERVICE</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-SERVICE" >service</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGSERVICEFILE</TT > specifies the name of the per-user connection service file. If not set, it defaults to <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >~/.pg_service.conf</TT > (see <A HREF="libpq-pgservice.html" >Section 31.16</A >). </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGOPTIONS</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-OPTIONS" >options</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGAPPNAME</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-APPLICATION-NAME" >application_name</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGSSLMODE</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-SSLMODE" >sslmode</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGREQUIRESSL</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-REQUIRESSL" >requiressl</A > connection parameter. This environment variable is deprecated in favor of the <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGSSLMODE</TT > variable, but setting both variables suppresses the effect of <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGSSLMODE</TT >. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGSSLCOMPRESSION</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-SSLCOMPRESSION" >sslcompression</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGSSLCERT</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-SSLCERT" >sslcert</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGSSLKEY</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-SSLKEY" >sslkey</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGSSLROOTCERT</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-SSLROOTCERT" >sslrootcert</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGSSLCRL</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-SSLCRL" >sslcrl</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGREQUIREPEER</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-REQUIREPEER" >requirepeer</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGKRBSRVNAME</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-KRBSRVNAME" >krbsrvname</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGGSSLIB</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-GSSLIB" >gsslib</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGCONNECT_TIMEOUT</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-CONNECT-TIMEOUT" >connect_timeout</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGCLIENTENCODING</TT > behaves the same as the <A HREF="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNECT-CLIENT-ENCODING" >client_encoding</A > connection parameter. </P ></LI ></UL ><P> </P ><P > The following environment variables can be used to specify default behavior for each <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > session. (See also the <A HREF="sql-alterrole.html" >ALTER ROLE</A > and <A HREF="sql-alterdatabase.html" >ALTER DATABASE</A > commands for ways to set default behavior on a per-user or per-database basis.) <P ></P ></P><UL ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGDATESTYLE</TT > sets the default style of date/time representation. (Equivalent to <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SET datestyle TO ...</TT >.) </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGTZ</TT > sets the default time zone. (Equivalent to <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SET timezone TO ...</TT >.) </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGGEQO</TT > sets the default mode for the genetic query optimizer. (Equivalent to <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >SET geqo TO ...</TT >.) </P ></LI ></UL ><P> Refer to the <ACRONYM CLASS="ACRONYM" >SQL</ACRONYM > command <A HREF="sql-set.html" >SET</A > for information on correct values for these environment variables. </P ><P > The following environment variables determine internal behavior of <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >libpq</SPAN >; they override compiled-in defaults. <P ></P ></P><UL ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGSYSCONFDIR</TT > sets the directory containing the <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >pg_service.conf</TT > file and in a future version possibly other system-wide configuration files. </P ></LI ><LI ><P > <TT CLASS="ENVAR" >PGLOCALEDIR</TT > sets the directory containing the <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >locale</TT > files for message internationalization. </P ></LI ></UL ><P> </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="libpq-events.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="index.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="libpq-pgpass.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" >Event System</TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="libpq.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >The Password File</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >