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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >Event System</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK REV="MADE" HREF="mailto:pgsql-docs@postgresql.org"><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation" HREF="index.html"><LINK REL="UP" TITLE="libpq - C Library" HREF="libpq.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="Notice Processing" HREF="libpq-notice-processing.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="Environment Variables" HREF="libpq-envars.html"><LINK REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css" HREF="stylesheet.css"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><META NAME="creation" CONTENT="2017-11-06T22:43:11"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="SECT1" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE SUMMARY="Header navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="5" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="index.html" >PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation</A ></TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A TITLE="Notice Processing" HREF="libpq-notice-processing.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="libpq.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="60%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" >Chapter 31. <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >libpq</SPAN > - C Library</TD ><TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A TITLE="Environment Variables" HREF="libpq-envars.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT1" ><H1 CLASS="SECT1" ><A NAME="LIBPQ-EVENTS" >31.13. Event System</A ></H1 ><P > <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >libpq</SPAN >'s event system is designed to notify registered event handlers about interesting <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >libpq</SPAN > events, such as the creation or destruction of <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGconn</TT > and <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGresult</TT > objects. A principal use case is that this allows applications to associate their own data with a <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGconn</TT > or <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGresult</TT > and ensure that that data is freed at an appropriate time. </P ><P > Each registered event handler is associated with two pieces of data, known to <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >libpq</SPAN > only as opaque <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >void *</TT > pointers. There is a <I CLASS="FIRSTTERM" >passthrough</I > pointer that is provided by the application when the event handler is registered with a <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGconn</TT >. The passthrough pointer never changes for the life of the <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGconn</TT > and all <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGresult</TT >s generated from it; so if used, it must point to long-lived data. In addition there is an <I CLASS="FIRSTTERM" >instance data</I > pointer, which starts out <TT CLASS="SYMBOL" >NULL</TT > in every <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGconn</TT > and <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGresult</TT >. This pointer can be manipulated using the <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQinstanceData</CODE >, <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQsetInstanceData</CODE >, <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQresultInstanceData</CODE > and <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQsetResultInstanceData</CODE > functions. Note that unlike the passthrough pointer, instance data of a <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGconn</TT > is not automatically inherited by <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGresult</TT >s created from it. <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >libpq</SPAN > does not know what passthrough and instance data pointers point to (if anything) and will never attempt to free them — that is the responsibility of the event handler. </P ><DIV CLASS="SECT2" ><H2 CLASS="SECT2" ><A NAME="LIBPQ-EVENTS-TYPES" >31.13.1. Event Types</A ></H2 ><P > The enum <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEventId</TT > names the types of events handled by the event system. All its values have names beginning with <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT</TT >. For each event type, there is a corresponding event info structure that carries the parameters passed to the event handlers. The event types are: </P ><P ></P ><DIV CLASS="VARIABLELIST" ><DL ><DT ><A NAME="LIBPQ-PGEVT-REGISTER" ></A ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_REGISTER</TT ></DT ><DD ><P > The register event occurs when <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQregisterEventProc</CODE > is called. It is the ideal time to initialize any <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >instanceData</TT > an event procedure may need. Only one register event will be fired per event handler per connection. If the event procedure fails, the registration is aborted. </P><PRE CLASS="SYNOPSIS" >typedef struct { PGconn *conn; } PGEventRegister;</PRE ><P> When a <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_REGISTER</TT > event is received, the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >evtInfo</TT > pointer should be cast to a <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGEventRegister *</TT >. This structure contains a <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGconn</TT > that should be in the <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >CONNECTION_OK</TT > status; guaranteed if one calls <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQregisterEventProc</CODE > right after obtaining a good <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGconn</TT >. When returning a failure code, all cleanup must be performed as no <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_CONNDESTROY</TT > event will be sent. </P ></DD ><DT ><A NAME="LIBPQ-PGEVT-CONNRESET" ></A ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_CONNRESET</TT ></DT ><DD ><P > The connection reset event is fired on completion of <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQreset</CODE > or <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQresetPoll</CODE >. In both cases, the event is only fired if the reset was successful. If the event procedure fails, the entire connection reset will fail; the <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGconn</TT > is put into <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >CONNECTION_BAD</TT > status and <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQresetPoll</CODE > will return <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGRES_POLLING_FAILED</TT >. </P><PRE CLASS="SYNOPSIS" >typedef struct { PGconn *conn; } PGEventConnReset;</PRE ><P> When a <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_CONNRESET</TT > event is received, the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >evtInfo</TT > pointer should be cast to a <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGEventConnReset *</TT >. Although the contained <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGconn</TT > was just reset, all event data remains unchanged. This event should be used to reset/reload/requery any associated <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >instanceData</TT >. Note that even if the event procedure fails to process <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_CONNRESET</TT >, it will still receive a <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_CONNDESTROY</TT > event when the connection is closed. </P ></DD ><DT ><A NAME="LIBPQ-PGEVT-CONNDESTROY" ></A ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_CONNDESTROY</TT ></DT ><DD ><P > The connection destroy event is fired in response to <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQfinish</CODE >. It is the event procedure's responsibility to properly clean up its event data as libpq has no ability to manage this memory. Failure to clean up will lead to memory leaks. </P><PRE CLASS="SYNOPSIS" >typedef struct { PGconn *conn; } PGEventConnDestroy;</PRE ><P> When a <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_CONNDESTROY</TT > event is received, the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >evtInfo</TT > pointer should be cast to a <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGEventConnDestroy *</TT >. This event is fired prior to <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQfinish</CODE > performing any other cleanup. The return value of the event procedure is ignored since there is no way of indicating a failure from <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQfinish</CODE >. Also, an event procedure failure should not abort the process of cleaning up unwanted memory. </P ></DD ><DT ><A NAME="LIBPQ-PGEVT-RESULTCREATE" ></A ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_RESULTCREATE</TT ></DT ><DD ><P > The result creation event is fired in response to any query execution function that generates a result, including <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQgetResult</CODE >. This event will only be fired after the result has been created successfully. </P><PRE CLASS="SYNOPSIS" >typedef struct { PGconn *conn; PGresult *result; } PGEventResultCreate;</PRE ><P> When a <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_RESULTCREATE</TT > event is received, the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >evtInfo</TT > pointer should be cast to a <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGEventResultCreate *</TT >. The <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >conn</TT > is the connection used to generate the result. This is the ideal place to initialize any <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >instanceData</TT > that needs to be associated with the result. If the event procedure fails, the result will be cleared and the failure will be propagated. The event procedure must not try to <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQclear</CODE > the result object for itself. When returning a failure code, all cleanup must be performed as no <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY</TT > event will be sent. </P ></DD ><DT ><A NAME="LIBPQ-PGEVT-RESULTCOPY" ></A ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_RESULTCOPY</TT ></DT ><DD ><P > The result copy event is fired in response to <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQcopyResult</CODE >. This event will only be fired after the copy is complete. Only event procedures that have successfully handled the <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_RESULTCREATE</TT > or <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_RESULTCOPY</TT > event for the source result will receive <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_RESULTCOPY</TT > events. </P><PRE CLASS="SYNOPSIS" >typedef struct { const PGresult *src; PGresult *dest; } PGEventResultCopy;</PRE ><P> When a <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_RESULTCOPY</TT > event is received, the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >evtInfo</TT > pointer should be cast to a <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGEventResultCopy *</TT >. The <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >src</TT > result is what was copied while the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >dest</TT > result is the copy destination. This event can be used to provide a deep copy of <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >instanceData</TT >, since <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PQcopyResult</TT > cannot do that. If the event procedure fails, the entire copy operation will fail and the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >dest</TT > result will be cleared. When returning a failure code, all cleanup must be performed as no <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY</TT > event will be sent for the destination result. </P ></DD ><DT ><A NAME="LIBPQ-PGEVT-RESULTDESTROY" ></A ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY</TT ></DT ><DD ><P > The result destroy event is fired in response to a <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQclear</CODE >. It is the event procedure's responsibility to properly clean up its event data as libpq has no ability to manage this memory. Failure to clean up will lead to memory leaks. </P><PRE CLASS="SYNOPSIS" >typedef struct { PGresult *result; } PGEventResultDestroy;</PRE ><P> When a <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY</TT > event is received, the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >evtInfo</TT > pointer should be cast to a <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGEventResultDestroy *</TT >. This event is fired prior to <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQclear</CODE > performing any other cleanup. The return value of the event procedure is ignored since there is no way of indicating a failure from <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQclear</CODE >. Also, an event procedure failure should not abort the process of cleaning up unwanted memory. </P ></DD ></DL ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT2" ><H2 CLASS="SECT2" ><A NAME="LIBPQ-EVENTS-PROC" >31.13.2. Event Callback Procedure</A ></H2 ><P ></P ><DIV CLASS="VARIABLELIST" ><DL ><DT ><A NAME="LIBPQ-PGEVENTPROC" ></A ><TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEventProc</TT > </DT ><DD ><P > <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEventProc</TT > is a typedef for a pointer to an event procedure, that is, the user callback function that receives events from libpq. The signature of an event procedure must be </P><PRE CLASS="SYNOPSIS" >int eventproc(PGEventId evtId, void *evtInfo, void *passThrough)</PRE ><P> The <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >evtId</TT > parameter indicates which <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >PGEVT</TT > event occurred. The <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >evtInfo</TT > pointer must be cast to the appropriate structure type to obtain further information about the event. The <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >passThrough</TT > parameter is the pointer provided to <CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQregisterEventProc</CODE > when the event procedure was registered. The function should return a non-zero value if it succeeds and zero if it fails. </P ><P > A particular event procedure can be registered only once in any <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGconn</TT >. This is because the address of the procedure is used as a lookup key to identify the associated instance data. </P ><DIV CLASS="CAUTION" ><P ></P ><TABLE CLASS="CAUTION" BORDER="1" WIDTH="90%" ><TR ><TD ALIGN="CENTER" ><B >Caution</B ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" ><P > On Windows, functions can have two different addresses: one visible from outside a DLL and another visible from inside the DLL. One should be careful that only one of these addresses is used with <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >libpq</SPAN >'s event-procedure functions, else confusion will result. The simplest rule for writing code that will work is to ensure that event procedures are declared <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >static</TT >. If the procedure's address must be available outside its own source file, expose a separate function to return the address. </P ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></DD ></DL ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT2" ><H2 CLASS="SECT2" ><A NAME="LIBPQ-EVENTS-FUNCS" >31.13.3. Event Support Functions</A ></H2 ><P ></P ><DIV CLASS="VARIABLELIST" ><DL ><DT ><A NAME="LIBPQ-PQREGISTEREVENTPROC" ></A ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQregisterEventProc</CODE > </DT ><DD ><P > Registers an event callback procedure with libpq. </P><PRE CLASS="SYNOPSIS" >int PQregisterEventProc(PGconn *conn, PGEventProc proc, const char *name, void *passThrough);</PRE ><P> </P ><P > An event procedure must be registered once on each <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGconn</TT > you want to receive events about. There is no limit, other than memory, on the number of event procedures that can be registered with a connection. The function returns a non-zero value if it succeeds and zero if it fails. </P ><P > The <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >proc</TT > argument will be called when a libpq event is fired. Its memory address is also used to lookup <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >instanceData</TT >. The <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >name</TT > argument is used to refer to the event procedure in error messages. This value cannot be <TT CLASS="SYMBOL" >NULL</TT > or a zero-length string. The name string is copied into the <TT CLASS="STRUCTNAME" >PGconn</TT >, so what is passed need not be long-lived. The <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >passThrough</TT > pointer is passed to the <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >proc</TT > whenever an event occurs. This argument can be <TT CLASS="SYMBOL" >NULL</TT >. </P ></DD ><DT ><A NAME="LIBPQ-PQSETINSTANCEDATA" ></A ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQsetInstanceData</CODE > </DT ><DD ><P > Sets the connection <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >conn</TT >'s <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >instanceData</TT > for procedure <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >proc</TT > to <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >data</TT >. This returns non-zero for success and zero for failure. (Failure is only possible if <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >proc</TT > has not been properly registered in <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >conn</TT >.) </P><PRE CLASS="SYNOPSIS" >int PQsetInstanceData(PGconn *conn, PGEventProc proc, void *data);</PRE ><P> </P ></DD ><DT ><A NAME="LIBPQ-PQINSTANCEDATA" ></A ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQinstanceData</CODE > </DT ><DD ><P > Returns the connection <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >conn</TT >'s <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >instanceData</TT > associated with procedure <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >proc</TT >, or <TT CLASS="SYMBOL" >NULL</TT > if there is none. </P><PRE CLASS="SYNOPSIS" >void *PQinstanceData(const PGconn *conn, PGEventProc proc);</PRE ><P> </P ></DD ><DT ><A NAME="LIBPQ-PQRESULTSETINSTANCEDATA" ></A ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQresultSetInstanceData</CODE > </DT ><DD ><P > Sets the result's <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >instanceData</TT > for <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >proc</TT > to <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >data</TT >. This returns non-zero for success and zero for failure. (Failure is only possible if <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >proc</TT > has not been properly registered in the result.) </P><PRE CLASS="SYNOPSIS" >int PQresultSetInstanceData(PGresult *res, PGEventProc proc, void *data);</PRE ><P> </P ></DD ><DT ><A NAME="LIBPQ-PQRESULTINSTANCEDATA" ></A ><CODE CLASS="FUNCTION" >PQresultInstanceData</CODE > </DT ><DD ><P > Returns the result's <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >instanceData</TT > associated with <TT CLASS="PARAMETER" >proc</TT >, or <TT CLASS="SYMBOL" >NULL</TT > if there is none. </P><PRE CLASS="SYNOPSIS" >void *PQresultInstanceData(const PGresult *res, PGEventProc proc);</PRE ><P> </P ></DD ></DL ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT2" ><H2 CLASS="SECT2" ><A NAME="LIBPQ-EVENTS-EXAMPLE" >31.13.4. Event Example</A ></H2 ><P > Here is a skeleton example of managing private data associated with libpq connections and results. </P ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >/* required header for libpq events (note: includes libpq-fe.h) */ #include <libpq-events.h> /* The instanceData */ typedef struct { int n; char *str; } mydata; /* PGEventProc */ static int myEventProc(PGEventId evtId, void *evtInfo, void *passThrough); int main(void) { mydata *data; PGresult *res; PGconn *conn = PQconnectdb("dbname = postgres"); if (PQstatus(conn) != CONNECTION_OK) { fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database failed: %s", PQerrorMessage(conn)); PQfinish(conn); return 1; } /* called once on any connection that should receive events. * Sends a PGEVT_REGISTER to myEventProc. */ if (!PQregisterEventProc(conn, myEventProc, "mydata_proc", NULL)) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot register PGEventProc\n"); PQfinish(conn); return 1; } /* conn instanceData is available */ data = PQinstanceData(conn, myEventProc); /* Sends a PGEVT_RESULTCREATE to myEventProc */ res = PQexec(conn, "SELECT 1 + 1"); /* result instanceData is available */ data = PQresultInstanceData(res, myEventProc); /* If PG_COPYRES_EVENTS is used, sends a PGEVT_RESULTCOPY to myEventProc */ res_copy = PQcopyResult(res, PG_COPYRES_TUPLES | PG_COPYRES_EVENTS); /* result instanceData is available if PG_COPYRES_EVENTS was * used during the PQcopyResult call. */ data = PQresultInstanceData(res_copy, myEventProc); /* Both clears send a PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY to myEventProc */ PQclear(res); PQclear(res_copy); /* Sends a PGEVT_CONNDESTROY to myEventProc */ PQfinish(conn); return 0; } static int myEventProc(PGEventId evtId, void *evtInfo, void *passThrough) { switch (evtId) { case PGEVT_REGISTER: { PGEventRegister *e = (PGEventRegister *)evtInfo; mydata *data = get_mydata(e->conn); /* associate app specific data with connection */ PQsetInstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc, data); break; } case PGEVT_CONNRESET: { PGEventConnReset *e = (PGEventConnReset *)evtInfo; mydata *data = PQinstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc); if (data) memset(data, 0, sizeof(mydata)); break; } case PGEVT_CONNDESTROY: { PGEventConnDestroy *e = (PGEventConnDestroy *)evtInfo; mydata *data = PQinstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc); /* free instance data because the conn is being destroyed */ if (data) free_mydata(data); break; } case PGEVT_RESULTCREATE: { PGEventResultCreate *e = (PGEventResultCreate *)evtInfo; mydata *conn_data = PQinstanceData(e->conn, myEventProc); mydata *res_data = dup_mydata(conn_data); /* associate app specific data with result (copy it from conn) */ PQsetResultInstanceData(e->result, myEventProc, res_data); break; } case PGEVT_RESULTCOPY: { PGEventResultCopy *e = (PGEventResultCopy *)evtInfo; mydata *src_data = PQresultInstanceData(e->src, myEventProc); mydata *dest_data = dup_mydata(src_data); /* associate app specific data with result (copy it from a result) */ PQsetResultInstanceData(e->dest, myEventProc, dest_data); break; } case PGEVT_RESULTDESTROY: { PGEventResultDestroy *e = (PGEventResultDestroy *)evtInfo; mydata *data = PQresultInstanceData(e->result, myEventProc); /* free instance data because the result is being destroyed */ if (data) free_mydata(data); break; } /* unknown event ID, just return TRUE. */ default: break; } return TRUE; /* event processing succeeded */ }</PRE ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="libpq-notice-processing.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="index.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="libpq-envars.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" >Notice Processing</TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="libpq.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >Environment Variables</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >