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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >PL/Python - Python Procedural Language</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK REV="MADE" HREF="mailto:pgsql-docs@postgresql.org"><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation" HREF="index.html"><LINK REL="UP" TITLE="Server Programming" HREF="server-programming.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="PL/Perl Under the Hood" HREF="plperl-under-the-hood.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="Python 2 vs. Python 3" HREF="plpython-python23.html"><LINK REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css" HREF="stylesheet.css"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><META NAME="creation" CONTENT="2017-11-06T22:43:11"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="CHAPTER" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE SUMMARY="Header navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="5" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="index.html" >PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation</A ></TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A TITLE="PL/Perl Under the Hood" HREF="plperl-under-the-hood.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="server-programming.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="60%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ></TD ><TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A TITLE="Python 2 vs. Python 3" HREF="plpython-python23.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><DIV CLASS="CHAPTER" ><H1 ><A NAME="PLPYTHON" ></A >Chapter 42. PL/Python - Python Procedural Language</H1 ><DIV CLASS="TOC" ><DL ><DT ><B >Table of Contents</B ></DT ><DT >42.1. <A HREF="plpython-python23.html" >Python 2 vs. Python 3</A ></DT ><DT >42.2. <A HREF="plpython-funcs.html" >PL/Python Functions</A ></DT ><DT >42.3. <A HREF="plpython-data.html" >Data Values</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >42.3.1. <A HREF="plpython-data.html#AEN59476" >Data Type Mapping</A ></DT ><DT >42.3.2. <A HREF="plpython-data.html#AEN59526" >Null, None</A ></DT ><DT >42.3.3. <A HREF="plpython-data.html#PLPYTHON-ARRAYS" >Arrays, Lists</A ></DT ><DT >42.3.4. <A HREF="plpython-data.html#AEN59544" >Composite Types</A ></DT ><DT >42.3.5. <A HREF="plpython-data.html#AEN59573" >Set-returning Functions</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >42.4. <A HREF="plpython-sharing.html" >Sharing Data</A ></DT ><DT >42.5. <A HREF="plpython-do.html" >Anonymous Code Blocks</A ></DT ><DT >42.6. <A HREF="plpython-trigger.html" >Trigger Functions</A ></DT ><DT >42.7. <A HREF="plpython-database.html" >Database Access</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >42.7.1. <A HREF="plpython-database.html#AEN59710" >Database Access Functions</A ></DT ><DT >42.7.2. <A HREF="plpython-database.html#PLPYTHON-TRAPPING" >Trapping Errors</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >42.8. <A HREF="plpython-subtransaction.html" >Explicit Subtransactions</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT >42.8.1. <A HREF="plpython-subtransaction.html#AEN59861" >Subtransaction Context Managers</A ></DT ><DT >42.8.2. <A HREF="plpython-subtransaction.html#AEN59876" >Older Python Versions</A ></DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >42.9. <A HREF="plpython-util.html" >Utility Functions</A ></DT ><DT >42.10. <A HREF="plpython-envar.html" >Environment Variables</A ></DT ></DL ></DIV ><P > The <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >PL/Python</SPAN > procedural language allows <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > functions to be written in the <A HREF="http://www.python.org" TARGET="_top" >Python language</A >. </P ><P > To install PL/Python in a particular database, use <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >CREATE EXTENSION plpythonu</TT >, or from the shell command line use <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >createlang plpythonu <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I >dbname</I ></TT ></TT > (but see also <A HREF="plpython-python23.html" >Section 42.1</A >). </P ><DIV CLASS="TIP" ><BLOCKQUOTE CLASS="TIP" ><P ><B >Tip: </B > If a language is installed into <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >template1</TT >, all subsequently created databases will have the language installed automatically. </P ></BLOCKQUOTE ></DIV ><P > As of <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > 7.4, PL/Python is only available as an <SPAN CLASS="QUOTE" >"untrusted"</SPAN > language, meaning it does not offer any way of restricting what users can do in it. It has therefore been renamed to <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >plpythonu</TT >. The trusted variant <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >plpython</TT > might become available again in future, if a new secure execution mechanism is developed in Python. The writer of a function in untrusted PL/Python must take care that the function cannot be used to do anything unwanted, since it will be able to do anything that could be done by a user logged in as the database administrator. Only superusers can create functions in untrusted languages such as <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >plpythonu</TT >. </P ><DIV CLASS="NOTE" ><BLOCKQUOTE CLASS="NOTE" ><P ><B >Note: </B > Users of source packages must specially enable the build of PL/Python during the installation process. (Refer to the installation instructions for more information.) Users of binary packages might find PL/Python in a separate subpackage. </P ></BLOCKQUOTE ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="plperl-under-the-hood.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="index.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="plpython-python23.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" >PL/Perl Under the Hood</TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="server-programming.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >Python 2 vs. Python 3</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >