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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >Reference</TITLE ><META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.79"><LINK REV="MADE" HREF="mailto:pgsql-docs@postgresql.org"><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation" HREF="index.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="Examples" HREF="spi-examples.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="SQL Commands" HREF="sql-commands.html"><LINK REL="STYLESHEET" TYPE="text/css" HREF="stylesheet.css"><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><META NAME="creation" CONTENT="2017-11-06T22:43:11"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="PART" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE SUMMARY="Header navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="5" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="index.html" >PostgreSQL 9.2.24 Documentation</A ></TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A TITLE="Examples" HREF="spi-examples.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="index.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="60%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ></TD ><TD WIDTH="20%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A TITLE="SQL Commands" HREF="sql-commands.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><DIV CLASS="PART" ><A NAME="REFERENCE" ></A ><DIV CLASS="TITLEPAGE" ><H1 CLASS="TITLE" >VI. Reference</H1 ><DIV CLASS="PARTINTRO" ><A NAME="AEN62358" ></A ><P > The entries in this Reference are meant to provide in reasonable length an authoritative, complete, and formal summary about their respective subjects. More information about the use of <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN >, in narrative, tutorial, or example form, can be found in other parts of this book. See the cross-references listed on each reference page. </P ><P > The reference entries are also available as traditional <SPAN CLASS="QUOTE" >"man"</SPAN > pages. </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="TOC" ><DL ><DT ><B >Table of Contents</B ></DT ><DT >I. <A HREF="sql-commands.html" >SQL Commands</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT ><A HREF="sql-abort.html" >ABORT</A > -- abort the current transaction</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alteraggregate.html" >ALTER AGGREGATE</A > -- change the definition of an aggregate function</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-altercollation.html" >ALTER COLLATION</A > -- change the definition of a collation</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterconversion.html" >ALTER CONVERSION</A > -- change the definition of a conversion</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterdatabase.html" >ALTER DATABASE</A > -- change a database</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterdefaultprivileges.html" >ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</A > -- define default access privileges</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterdomain.html" >ALTER DOMAIN</A > -- change the definition of a domain </DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterextension.html" >ALTER EXTENSION</A > -- change the definition of an extension </DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterforeigndatawrapper.html" >ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER</A > -- change the definition of a foreign-data wrapper</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterforeigntable.html" >ALTER FOREIGN TABLE</A > -- change the definition of a foreign table</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterfunction.html" >ALTER FUNCTION</A > -- change the definition of a function</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-altergroup.html" >ALTER GROUP</A > -- change role name or membership</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterindex.html" >ALTER INDEX</A > -- change the definition of an index</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterlanguage.html" >ALTER LANGUAGE</A > -- change the definition of a procedural language</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterlargeobject.html" >ALTER LARGE OBJECT</A > -- change the definition of a large object</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alteroperator.html" >ALTER OPERATOR</A > -- change the definition of an operator</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alteropclass.html" >ALTER OPERATOR CLASS</A > -- change the definition of an operator class</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alteropfamily.html" >ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY</A > -- change the definition of an operator family</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterrole.html" >ALTER ROLE</A > -- change a database role</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterschema.html" >ALTER SCHEMA</A > -- change the definition of a schema</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-altersequence.html" >ALTER SEQUENCE</A > -- change the definition of a sequence generator </DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterserver.html" >ALTER SERVER</A > -- change the definition of a foreign server</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-altertable.html" >ALTER TABLE</A > -- change the definition of a table</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-altertablespace.html" >ALTER TABLESPACE</A > -- change the definition of a tablespace</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-altertsconfig.html" >ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</A > -- change the definition of a text search configuration</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-altertsdictionary.html" >ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</A > -- change the definition of a text search dictionary</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-altertsparser.html" >ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER</A > -- change the definition of a text search parser</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-altertstemplate.html" >ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE</A > -- change the definition of a text search template</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-altertrigger.html" >ALTER TRIGGER</A > -- change the definition of a trigger</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-altertype.html" >ALTER TYPE</A > -- change the definition of a type </DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alteruser.html" >ALTER USER</A > -- change a database role</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterusermapping.html" >ALTER USER MAPPING</A > -- change the definition of a user mapping</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-alterview.html" >ALTER VIEW</A > -- change the definition of a view</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-analyze.html" >ANALYZE</A > -- collect statistics about a database</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-begin.html" >BEGIN</A > -- start a transaction block</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-checkpoint.html" >CHECKPOINT</A > -- force a transaction log checkpoint</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-close.html" >CLOSE</A > -- close a cursor</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-cluster.html" >CLUSTER</A > -- cluster a table according to an index</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-comment.html" >COMMENT</A > -- define or change the comment of an object</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-commit.html" >COMMIT</A > -- commit the current transaction</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-commit-prepared.html" >COMMIT PREPARED</A > -- commit a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-copy.html" >COPY</A > -- copy data between a file and a table</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createaggregate.html" >CREATE AGGREGATE</A > -- define a new aggregate function</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createcast.html" >CREATE CAST</A > -- define a new cast</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createcollation.html" >CREATE COLLATION</A > -- define a new collation</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createconversion.html" >CREATE CONVERSION</A > -- define a new encoding conversion</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createdatabase.html" >CREATE DATABASE</A > -- create a new database</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createdomain.html" >CREATE DOMAIN</A > -- define a new domain</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createextension.html" >CREATE EXTENSION</A > -- install an extension</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createforeigndatawrapper.html" >CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER</A > -- define a new foreign-data wrapper</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createforeigntable.html" >CREATE FOREIGN TABLE</A > -- define a new foreign table</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createfunction.html" >CREATE FUNCTION</A > -- define a new function</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-creategroup.html" >CREATE GROUP</A > -- define a new database role</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createindex.html" >CREATE INDEX</A > -- define a new index</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createlanguage.html" >CREATE LANGUAGE</A > -- define a new procedural language</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createoperator.html" >CREATE OPERATOR</A > -- define a new operator</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createopclass.html" >CREATE OPERATOR CLASS</A > -- define a new operator class</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createopfamily.html" >CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY</A > -- define a new operator family</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createrole.html" >CREATE ROLE</A > -- define a new database role</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createrule.html" >CREATE RULE</A > -- define a new rewrite rule</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createschema.html" >CREATE SCHEMA</A > -- define a new schema</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createsequence.html" >CREATE SEQUENCE</A > -- define a new sequence generator</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createserver.html" >CREATE SERVER</A > -- define a new foreign server</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createtable.html" >CREATE TABLE</A > -- define a new table</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createtableas.html" >CREATE TABLE AS</A > -- define a new table from the results of a query</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createtablespace.html" >CREATE TABLESPACE</A > -- define a new tablespace</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createtsconfig.html" >CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</A > -- define a new text search configuration</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createtsdictionary.html" >CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</A > -- define a new text search dictionary</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createtsparser.html" >CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER</A > -- define a new text search parser</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createtstemplate.html" >CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE</A > -- define a new text search template</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createtrigger.html" >CREATE TRIGGER</A > -- define a new trigger</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createtype.html" >CREATE TYPE</A > -- define a new data type</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createuser.html" >CREATE USER</A > -- define a new database role</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createusermapping.html" >CREATE USER MAPPING</A > -- define a new mapping of a user to a foreign server</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-createview.html" >CREATE VIEW</A > -- define a new view</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-deallocate.html" >DEALLOCATE</A > -- deallocate a prepared statement</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-declare.html" >DECLARE</A > -- define a cursor</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-delete.html" >DELETE</A > -- delete rows of a table</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-discard.html" >DISCARD</A > -- discard session state</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-do.html" >DO</A > -- execute an anonymous code block</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropaggregate.html" >DROP AGGREGATE</A > -- remove an aggregate function</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropcast.html" >DROP CAST</A > -- remove a cast</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropcollation.html" >DROP COLLATION</A > -- remove a collation</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropconversion.html" >DROP CONVERSION</A > -- remove a conversion</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropdatabase.html" >DROP DATABASE</A > -- remove a database</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropdomain.html" >DROP DOMAIN</A > -- remove a domain</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropextension.html" >DROP EXTENSION</A > -- remove an extension</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropforeigndatawrapper.html" >DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER</A > -- remove a foreign-data wrapper</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropforeigntable.html" >DROP FOREIGN TABLE</A > -- remove a foreign table</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropfunction.html" >DROP FUNCTION</A > -- remove a function</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropgroup.html" >DROP GROUP</A > -- remove a database role</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropindex.html" >DROP INDEX</A > -- remove an index</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-droplanguage.html" >DROP LANGUAGE</A > -- remove a procedural language</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropoperator.html" >DROP OPERATOR</A > -- remove an operator</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropopclass.html" >DROP OPERATOR CLASS</A > -- remove an operator class</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropopfamily.html" >DROP OPERATOR FAMILY</A > -- remove an operator family</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-drop-owned.html" >DROP OWNED</A > -- remove database objects owned by a database role</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-droprole.html" >DROP ROLE</A > -- remove a database role</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-droprule.html" >DROP RULE</A > -- remove a rewrite rule</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropschema.html" >DROP SCHEMA</A > -- remove a schema</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropsequence.html" >DROP SEQUENCE</A > -- remove a sequence</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropserver.html" >DROP SERVER</A > -- remove a foreign server descriptor</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-droptable.html" >DROP TABLE</A > -- remove a table</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-droptablespace.html" >DROP TABLESPACE</A > -- remove a tablespace</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-droptsconfig.html" >DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION</A > -- remove a text search configuration</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-droptsdictionary.html" >DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY</A > -- remove a text search dictionary</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-droptsparser.html" >DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER</A > -- remove a text search parser</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-droptstemplate.html" >DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE</A > -- remove a text search template</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-droptrigger.html" >DROP TRIGGER</A > -- remove a trigger</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-droptype.html" >DROP TYPE</A > -- remove a data type</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropuser.html" >DROP USER</A > -- remove a database role</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropusermapping.html" >DROP USER MAPPING</A > -- remove a user mapping for a foreign server</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-dropview.html" >DROP VIEW</A > -- remove a view</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-end.html" >END</A > -- commit the current transaction</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-execute.html" >EXECUTE</A > -- execute a prepared statement</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-explain.html" >EXPLAIN</A > -- show the execution plan of a statement</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-fetch.html" >FETCH</A > -- retrieve rows from a query using a cursor</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-grant.html" >GRANT</A > -- define access privileges</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-insert.html" >INSERT</A > -- create new rows in a table</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-listen.html" >LISTEN</A > -- listen for a notification</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-load.html" >LOAD</A > -- load a shared library file</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-lock.html" >LOCK</A > -- lock a table</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-move.html" >MOVE</A > -- position a cursor</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-notify.html" >NOTIFY</A > -- generate a notification</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-prepare.html" >PREPARE</A > -- prepare a statement for execution</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-prepare-transaction.html" >PREPARE TRANSACTION</A > -- prepare the current transaction for two-phase commit</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-reassign-owned.html" >REASSIGN OWNED</A > -- change the ownership of database objects owned by a database role</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-reindex.html" >REINDEX</A > -- rebuild indexes</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-release-savepoint.html" >RELEASE SAVEPOINT</A > -- destroy a previously defined savepoint</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-reset.html" >RESET</A > -- restore the value of a run-time parameter to the default value</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-revoke.html" >REVOKE</A > -- remove access privileges</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-rollback.html" >ROLLBACK</A > -- abort the current transaction</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-rollback-prepared.html" >ROLLBACK PREPARED</A > -- cancel a transaction that was earlier prepared for two-phase commit</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-rollback-to.html" >ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT</A > -- roll back to a savepoint</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-savepoint.html" >SAVEPOINT</A > -- define a new savepoint within the current transaction</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-security-label.html" >SECURITY LABEL</A > -- define or change a security label applied to an object</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-select.html" >SELECT</A > -- retrieve rows from a table or view</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-selectinto.html" >SELECT INTO</A > -- define a new table from the results of a query</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-set.html" >SET</A > -- change a run-time parameter</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-set-constraints.html" >SET CONSTRAINTS</A > -- set constraint check timing for the current transaction</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-set-role.html" >SET ROLE</A > -- set the current user identifier of the current session</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-set-session-authorization.html" >SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</A > -- set the session user identifier and the current user identifier of the current session</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-set-transaction.html" >SET TRANSACTION</A > -- set the characteristics of the current transaction</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-show.html" >SHOW</A > -- show the value of a run-time parameter</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-start-transaction.html" >START TRANSACTION</A > -- start a transaction block</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-truncate.html" >TRUNCATE</A > -- empty a table or set of tables</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-unlisten.html" >UNLISTEN</A > -- stop listening for a notification</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-update.html" >UPDATE</A > -- update rows of a table</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-vacuum.html" >VACUUM</A > -- garbage-collect and optionally analyze a database</DT ><DT ><A HREF="sql-values.html" >VALUES</A > -- compute a set of rows</DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >II. <A HREF="reference-client.html" >PostgreSQL Client Applications</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT ><A HREF="app-clusterdb.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >clusterdb</SPAN ></A > -- cluster a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > database</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-createdb.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >createdb</SPAN ></A > -- create a new <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > database</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-createlang.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >createlang</SPAN ></A > -- install a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > procedural language</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-createuser.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >createuser</SPAN ></A > -- define a new <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > user account</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-dropdb.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >dropdb</SPAN ></A > -- remove a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > database</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-droplang.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >droplang</SPAN ></A > -- remove a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > procedural language</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-dropuser.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >dropuser</SPAN ></A > -- remove a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > user account</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-ecpg.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >ecpg</SPAN ></A > -- embedded SQL C preprocessor</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-pgbasebackup.html" >pg_basebackup</A > -- take a base backup of a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > cluster</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-pgconfig.html" >pg_config</A > -- retrieve information about the installed version of <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN ></DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-pgdump.html" >pg_dump</A > -- extract a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > database into a script file or other archive file </DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-pg-dumpall.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >pg_dumpall</SPAN ></A > -- extract a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > database cluster into a script file</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-pgreceivexlog.html" >pg_receivexlog</A > -- streams transaction logs from a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > cluster</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-pgrestore.html" >pg_restore</A > -- restore a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > database from an archive file created by <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >pg_dump</SPAN > </DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-psql.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >psql</SPAN ></A > -- <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > interactive terminal </DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-reindexdb.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >reindexdb</SPAN ></A > -- reindex a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > database</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-vacuumdb.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >vacuumdb</SPAN ></A > -- garbage-collect and analyze a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > database</DT ></DL ></DD ><DT >III. <A HREF="reference-server.html" >PostgreSQL Server Applications</A ></DT ><DD ><DL ><DT ><A HREF="app-initdb.html" >initdb</A > -- create a new <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > database cluster</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-pgcontroldata.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >pg_controldata</SPAN ></A > -- display control information of a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > database cluster</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-pg-ctl.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >pg_ctl</SPAN ></A > -- initialize, start, stop, or control a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > server</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-pgresetxlog.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >pg_resetxlog</SPAN ></A > -- reset the write-ahead log and other control information of a <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > database cluster</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-postgres.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >postgres</SPAN ></A > -- <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > database server</DT ><DT ><A HREF="app-postmaster.html" ><SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >postmaster</SPAN ></A > -- <SPAN CLASS="PRODUCTNAME" >PostgreSQL</SPAN > database server</DT ></DL ></DD ></DL ></DIV ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="spi-examples.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="index.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="sql-commands.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" >Examples</TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" > </TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >SQL Commands</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >