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><H1
><A
NAME="SQL-REVOKE"
></A
>REVOKE</H1
><DIV
CLASS="REFNAMEDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN77089"
></A
><H2
>Name</H2
>REVOKE -- remove access privileges</DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSYNOPSISDIV"
><A
NAME="AEN77094"
></A
><H2
>Synopsis</H2
><PRE
CLASS="SYNOPSIS"
>REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON { [ TABLE ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>table_name</I
></TT
> [, ...]
| ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>schema_name</I
></TT
> [, ...] }
FROM { [ GROUP ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>column_name</I
></TT
> [, ...] )
[, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>column_name</I
></TT
> [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>table_name</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON { SEQUENCE <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>sequence_name</I
></TT
> [, ...]
| ALL SEQUENCES IN SCHEMA <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>schema_name</I
></TT
> [, ...] }
FROM { [ GROUP ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>database_name</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DOMAIN <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>domain_name</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>fdw_name</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>server_name</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON { FUNCTION <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>function_name</I
></TT
> ( [ [ <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>argmode</I
></TT
> ] [ <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>arg_name</I
></TT
> ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>arg_type</I
></TT
> [, ...] ] ) [, ...]
| ALL FUNCTIONS IN SCHEMA <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>schema_name</I
></TT
> [, ...] }
FROM { [ GROUP ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>lang_name</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | UPDATE } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LARGE OBJECT <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>loid</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | USAGE } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>schema_name</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>tablespace_name</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TYPE <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>type_name</I
></TT
> [, ...]
FROM { [ GROUP ] <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> | PUBLIC } [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ ADMIN OPTION FOR ]
<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> [, ...] FROM <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>role_name</I
></TT
> [, ...]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]</PRE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="SQL-REVOKE-DESCRIPTION"
></A
><H2
>Description</H2
><P
> The <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REVOKE</TT
> command revokes previously granted
privileges from one or more roles. The key word
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PUBLIC</TT
> refers to the implicitly defined group of
all roles.
</P
><P
> See the description of the <A
HREF="sql-grant.html"
>GRANT</A
> command for
the meaning of the privilege types.
</P
><P
> Note that any particular role will have the sum
of privileges granted directly to it, privileges granted to any role it
is presently a member of, and privileges granted to
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PUBLIC</TT
>. Thus, for example, revoking <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SELECT</TT
> privilege
from <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PUBLIC</TT
> does not necessarily mean that all roles
have lost <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SELECT</TT
> privilege on the object: those who have it granted
directly or via another role will still have it. Similarly, revoking
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SELECT</TT
> from a user might not prevent that user from using
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SELECT</TT
> if <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>PUBLIC</TT
> or another membership
role still has <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SELECT</TT
> rights.
</P
><P
> If <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>GRANT OPTION FOR</TT
> is specified, only the grant
option for the privilege is revoked, not the privilege itself.
Otherwise, both the privilege and the grant option are revoked.
</P
><P
> If a user holds a privilege with grant option and has granted it to
other users then the privileges held by those other users are
called dependent privileges. If the privilege or the grant option
held by the first user is being revoked and dependent privileges
exist, those dependent privileges are also revoked if
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CASCADE</TT
> is specified; if it is not, the revoke action
will fail. This recursive revocation only affects privileges that
were granted through a chain of users that is traceable to the user
that is the subject of this <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>REVOKE</TT
> command.
Thus, the affected users might effectively keep the privilege if it
was also granted through other users.
</P
><P
> When revoking privileges on a table, the corresponding column privileges
(if any) are automatically revoked on each column of the table, as well.
On the other hand, if a role has been granted privileges on a table, then
revoking the same privileges from individual columns will have no effect.
</P
><P
> When revoking membership in a role, <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>GRANT OPTION</TT
> is instead
called <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>ADMIN OPTION</TT
>, but the behavior is similar.
Note also that this form of the command does not
allow the noise word <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>GROUP</TT
>.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="SQL-REVOKE-NOTES"
></A
><H2
>Notes</H2
><P
> Use <A
HREF="app-psql.html"
><SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>psql</SPAN
></A
>'s <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>\dp</TT
> command to
display the privileges granted on existing tables and columns. See <A
HREF="sql-grant.html"
>GRANT</A
> for information about the
format. For non-table objects there are other <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>\d</TT
> commands
that can display their privileges.
</P
><P
> A user can only revoke privileges that were granted directly by
that user. If, for example, user A has granted a privilege with
grant option to user B, and user B has in turned granted it to user
C, then user A cannot revoke the privilege directly from C.
Instead, user A could revoke the grant option from user B and use
the <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CASCADE</TT
> option so that the privilege is
in turn revoked from user C. For another example, if both A and B
have granted the same privilege to C, A can revoke his own grant
but not B's grant, so C will still effectively have the privilege.
</P
><P
> When a non-owner of an object attempts to <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REVOKE</TT
> privileges
on the object, the command will fail outright if the user has no
privileges whatsoever on the object. As long as some privilege is
available, the command will proceed, but it will revoke only those
privileges for which the user has grant options. The <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REVOKE ALL
PRIVILEGES</TT
> forms will issue a warning message if no grant options are
held, while the other forms will issue a warning if grant options for
any of the privileges specifically named in the command are not held.
(In principle these statements apply to the object owner as well, but
since the owner is always treated as holding all grant options, the
cases can never occur.)
</P
><P
> If a superuser chooses to issue a <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>GRANT</TT
> or <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REVOKE</TT
>
command, the command is performed as though it were issued by the
owner of the affected object. Since all privileges ultimately come
from the object owner (possibly indirectly via chains of grant options),
it is possible for a superuser to revoke all privileges, but this might
require use of <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CASCADE</TT
> as stated above.
</P
><P
> <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REVOKE</TT
> can also be done by a role
that is not the owner of the affected object, but is a member of the role
that owns the object, or is a member of a role that holds privileges
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WITH GRANT OPTION</TT
> on the object. In this case the
command is performed as though it were issued by the containing role that
actually owns the object or holds the privileges
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>WITH GRANT OPTION</TT
>. For example, if table
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>t1</TT
> is owned by role <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>g1</TT
>, of which role
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>u1</TT
> is a member, then <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>u1</TT
> can revoke privileges
on <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>t1</TT
> that are recorded as being granted by <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>g1</TT
>.
This would include grants made by <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>u1</TT
> as well as by other
members of role <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>g1</TT
>.
</P
><P
> If the role executing <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REVOKE</TT
> holds privileges
indirectly via more than one role membership path, it is unspecified
which containing role will be used to perform the command. In such cases
it is best practice to use <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>SET ROLE</TT
> to become the specific
role you want to do the <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REVOKE</TT
> as. Failure to do so might
lead to revoking privileges other than the ones you intended, or not
revoking anything at all.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="SQL-REVOKE-EXAMPLES"
></A
><H2
>Examples</H2
><P
> Revoke insert privilege for the public on table
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>films</TT
>:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>REVOKE INSERT ON films FROM PUBLIC;</PRE
><P>
</P
><P
> Revoke all privileges from user <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>manuel</TT
> on view
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>kinds</TT
>:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON kinds FROM manuel;</PRE
><P>
Note that this actually means <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"revoke all privileges that I
granted"</SPAN
>.
</P
><P
> Revoke membership in role <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>admins</TT
> from user <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>joe</TT
>:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>REVOKE admins FROM joe;</PRE
><P></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="SQL-REVOKE-COMPATIBILITY"
></A
><H2
>Compatibility</H2
><P
> The compatibility notes of the <A
HREF="sql-grant.html"
>GRANT</A
> command
apply analogously to <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>REVOKE</TT
>.
The keyword <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>RESTRICT</TT
> or <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CASCADE</TT
>
is required according to the standard, but <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>
assumes <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>RESTRICT</TT
> by default.
</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="REFSECT1"
><A
NAME="AEN77213"
></A
><H2
>See Also</H2
><P
> <A
HREF="sql-grant.html"
>GRANT</A
>
</P
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