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<html lang="en"><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><link href="./images/docs-stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"><title>Apache Tomcat 8 (8.5.99) - Tomcat Setup</title><meta name="author" content="Remy Maucherat"></head><body><div id="wrapper"><header><div id="header"><div><div><div class="logo noPrint"><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/"><img alt="Tomcat Home" src="./images/tomcat.png"></a></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div class="asfLogo noPrint"><a href="https://www.apache.org/" target="_blank"><img src="./images/asf-logo.svg" alt="The Apache Software Foundation" style="width: 266px; height: 83px;"></a></div><h1>Apache Tomcat 8</h1><div class="versionInfo">
Version 8.5.99,
<time datetime="2024-02-14">Feb 14 2024</time></div><div style="height: 1px;"></div><div style="clear: left;"></div></div></div></div></header><div id="middle"><div><div id="mainLeft" class="noprint"><div><nav><div><h2>Links</h2><ul><li><a href="index.html">Docs Home</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>User Guide</h2><ul><li><a href="introduction.html">1) Introduction</a></li><li><a href="setup.html">2) Setup</a></li><li><a href="appdev/index.html">3) First webapp</a></li><li><a href="deployer-howto.html">4) Deployer</a></li><li><a href="manager-howto.html">5) Manager</a></li><li><a href="host-manager-howto.html">6) Host Manager</a></li><li><a href="realm-howto.html">7) Realms and AAA</a></li><li><a href="security-manager-howto.html">8) Security Manager</a></li><li><a href="jndi-resources-howto.html">9) JNDI Resources</a></li><li><a href="jndi-datasource-examples-howto.html">10) JDBC DataSources</a></li><li><a href="class-loader-howto.html">11) Classloading</a></li><li><a href="jasper-howto.html">12) JSPs</a></li><li><a href="ssl-howto.html">13) SSL/TLS</a></li><li><a href="ssi-howto.html">14) SSI</a></li><li><a href="cgi-howto.html">15) CGI</a></li><li><a href="proxy-howto.html">16) Proxy Support</a></li><li><a href="mbeans-descriptors-howto.html">17) MBeans Descriptors</a></li><li><a href="default-servlet.html">18) Default Servlet</a></li><li><a href="cluster-howto.html">19) Clustering</a></li><li><a href="balancer-howto.html">20) Load Balancer</a></li><li><a href="connectors.html">21) Connectors</a></li><li><a href="monitoring.html">22) Monitoring and Management</a></li><li><a href="logging.html">23) Logging</a></li><li><a href="apr.html">24) APR/Native</a></li><li><a href="virtual-hosting-howto.html">25) Virtual Hosting</a></li><li><a href="aio.html">26) Advanced IO</a></li><li><a href="extras.html">27) Additional Components</a></li><li><a href="maven-jars.html">28) Mavenized</a></li><li><a href="security-howto.html">29) Security Considerations</a></li><li><a href="windows-service-howto.html">30) Windows Service</a></li><li><a href="windows-auth-howto.html">31) Windows Authentication</a></li><li><a href="jdbc-pool.html">32) Tomcat's JDBC Pool</a></li><li><a href="web-socket-howto.html">33) WebSocket</a></li><li><a href="rewrite.html">34) Rewrite</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Reference</h2><ul><li><a href="RELEASE-NOTES.txt">Release Notes</a></li><li><a href="config/index.html">Configuration</a></li><li><a href="api/index.html">Tomcat Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="servletapi/index.html">Servlet 3.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jspapi/index.html">JSP 2.3 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="elapi/index.html">EL 3.0 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="websocketapi/index.html">WebSocket 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="jaspicapi/index.html">JASPIC 1.1 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="annotationapi/index.html">Common Annotations 1.2 Javadocs</a></li><li><a href="https://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/">JK 1.2 Documentation</a></li></ul></div><div><h2>Apache Tomcat Development</h2><ul><li><a href="building.html">Building</a></li><li><a href="changelog.html">Changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/TOMCAT/Tomcat+Versions">Status</a></li><li><a href="developers.html">Developers</a></li><li><a href="architecture/index.html">Architecture</a></li><li><a href="tribes/introduction.html">Tribes</a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div><div id="mainRight"><div id="content"><h2>Tomcat Setup</h2><h3 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h3><div class="text">
<ul><li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="#Windows">Windows</a></li><li><a href="#Unix_daemon">Unix daemon</a></li></ul>
</div><h3 id="Introduction">Introduction</h3><div class="text">
<p>
There are several ways to set up Tomcat for running on different
platforms. The main documentation for this is a file called
<a href="RUNNING.txt">RUNNING.txt</a>. We encourage you to refer to that
file if the information below does not answer some of your questions.
</p>
</div><h3 id="Windows">Windows</h3><div class="text">
<p>
Installing Tomcat on Windows can be done easily using the Windows
installer. Its interface and functionality is similar to other wizard
based installers, with only a few items of interest.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Installation as a service</strong>: Tomcat will be
installed as a Windows service no matter what setting is selected.
Using the checkbox on the component page sets the service as "auto"
startup, so that Tomcat is automatically started when Windows
starts. For optimal security, the service should be run as a
separate user, with reduced permissions (see the Windows Services
administration tool and its documentation).</li>
<li><strong>Java location</strong>: The installer will provide a default
JRE to use to run the service. The installer uses the registry to
determine the base path of a Java 7 or later JRE,
including the JRE installed as part of the full JDK. When running on
a 64-bit operating system, the installer will first look for a
64-bit JRE and only look for a 32-bit JRE if a 64-bit JRE is not
found. If a JRE cannot be found when running on a 64-bit operating
system, the installer will look for a 64-bit JDK. Finally, if a JRE
or JDK has not been found, the installer will try to use the
<code>JAVA_HOME</code> environment variable. It is not mandatory to
use the default JRE detected by the installer. Any installed Java
7 or later JRE (32-bit or 64-bit) may be
used.</li>
<li><strong>Tray icon</strong>: When Tomcat is run as a service, there
will not be any tray icon present when Tomcat is running. Note that
when choosing to run Tomcat at the end of installation, the tray
icon will be used even if Tomcat was installed as a service.</li>
<li><strong>Defaults</strong>: The defaults used by the installer may be
overridden by use of the <code>/C=<config file></code> command
line argument. The configuration file uses the format
<code>name=value</code> with each pair on a separate line. The names
of the available configuration options are:
<ul>
<li>JavaHome</li>
<li>TomcatPortShutdown</li>
<li>TomcatPortHttp</li>
<li>TomcatMenuEntriesEnable</li>
<li>TomcatShortcutAllUsers</li>
<li>TomcatServiceDefaultName</li>
<li>TomcatServiceName</li>
<li>TomcatServiceFileName</li>
<li>TomcatServiceManagerFileName</li>
<li>TomcatAdminEnable</li>
<li>TomcatAdminUsername</li>
<li>TomcatAdminPassword</li>
<li>TomcatAdminRoles</li>
</ul>
By using <code>/C=...</code> along with <code>/S</code> and
<code>/D=</code> it is possible to perform fully configured
unattended installs of Apache Tomcat.
</li>
<li>Refer to the
<a href="windows-service-howto.html">Windows Service How-To</a>
for information on how to manage Tomcat as a Windows service.
</li>
</ul>
<p>The installer will create shortcuts allowing starting and configuring
Tomcat. It is important to note that the Tomcat administration web
application can only be used when Tomcat is running.</p>
</div><h3 id="Unix_daemon">Unix daemon</h3><div class="text">
<p>Tomcat can be run as a daemon using the jsvc tool from the
commons-daemon project. Source tarballs for jsvc are included with the
Tomcat binaries, and need to be compiled. Building jsvc requires
a C ANSI compiler (such as GCC), GNU Autoconf, and a JDK.</p>
<p>Before running the script, the <code>JAVA_HOME</code> environment
variable should be set to the base path of the JDK. Alternately, when
calling the <code>./configure</code> script, the path of the JDK may
be specified using the <code>--with-java</code> parameter, such as
<code>./configure --with-java=/usr/java</code>.</p>
<p>Using the following commands should result in a compiled jsvc binary,
located in the <code>$CATALINA_HOME/bin</code> folder. This assumes
that GNU TAR is used, and that <code>CATALINA_HOME</code> is an
environment variable pointing to the base path of the Tomcat
installation.</p>
<p>Please note that you should use the GNU make (gmake) instead of
the native BSD make on FreeBSD systems.</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>cd $CATALINA_HOME/bin
tar xvfz commons-daemon-native.tar.gz
cd commons-daemon-1.1.x-native-src/unix
./configure
make
cp jsvc ../..
cd ../..</code></pre></div>
<p>Tomcat can then be run as a daemon using the following commands.</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>CATALINA_BASE=$CATALINA_HOME
cd $CATALINA_HOME
./bin/jsvc \
-classpath $CATALINA_HOME/bin/bootstrap.jar:$CATALINA_HOME/bin/tomcat-juli.jar \
-outfile $CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out \
-errfile $CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.err \
-Dcatalina.home=$CATALINA_HOME \
-Dcatalina.base=$CATALINA_BASE \
-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager \
-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties \
org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap</code></pre></div>
<p>When running on Java 9 you will need to additionally specify the
following when starting jsvc.</p>
<div class="codeBox"><pre><code>...
--add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED \
--add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED \
...
</code></pre></div>
<p>You may also need to specify <code>-jvm server</code> if the JVM defaults
to using a server VM rather than a client VM. This has been observed on
OSX.</p>
<p>jsvc has other useful parameters, such as <code>-user</code> which
causes it to switch to another user after the daemon initialization is
complete. This allows, for example, running Tomcat as a non privileged
user while still being able to use privileged ports. Note that if you
use this option and start Tomcat as root, you'll need to disable the
<code>org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener</code> check that
prevents Tomcat starting when running as root.</p>
<p><code>jsvc --help</code> will return the full jsvc usage
information. In particular, the <code>-debug</code> option is useful
to debug issues running jsvc.</p>
<p>The file <code>$CATALINA_HOME/bin/daemon.sh</code> can be used as a
template for starting Tomcat automatically at boot time from
<code>/etc/init.d</code> with jsvc.</p>
<p>Note that the Commons-Daemon JAR file must be on your runtime classpath
to run Tomcat in this manner. The Commons-Daemon JAR file is in the
Class-Path entry of the bootstrap.jar manifest, but if you get a
ClassNotFoundException or a NoClassDefFoundError for a Commons-Daemon
class, add the Commons-Daemon JAR to the -cp argument when launching
jsvc.</p>
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