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<?php
namespace Firebase\JWT;
use DomainException;
use InvalidArgumentException;
use UnexpectedValueException;
/**
* JSON Web Key implementation, based on this spec:
* https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-jose-json-web-key-41
*
* PHP version 5
*
* @category Authentication
* @package Authentication_JWT
* @author Bui Sy Nguyen <nguyenbs@gmail.com>
* @license http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause 3-clause BSD
* @link https://github.com/firebase/php-jwt
*/
class JWK
{
private const OID = '1.2.840.10045.2.1';
private const ASN1_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER = 0x06;
private const ASN1_SEQUENCE = 0x10; // also defined in JWT
private const ASN1_BIT_STRING = 0x03;
private const EC_CURVES = [
'P-256' => '1.2.840.10045.3.1.7', // Len: 64
'secp256k1' => '1.3.132.0.10', // Len: 64
'P-384' => '1.3.132.0.34', // Len: 96
// 'P-521' => '1.3.132.0.35', // Len: 132 (not supported)
];
// For keys with "kty" equal to "OKP" (Octet Key Pair), the "crv" parameter must contain the key subtype.
// This library supports the following subtypes:
private const OKP_SUBTYPES = [
'Ed25519' => true, // RFC 8037
];
/**
* Parse a set of JWK keys
*
* @param array<mixed> $jwks The JSON Web Key Set as an associative array
* @param string $defaultAlg The algorithm for the Key object if "alg" is not set in the
* JSON Web Key Set
*
* @return array<string, Key> An associative array of key IDs (kid) to Key objects
*
* @throws InvalidArgumentException Provided JWK Set is empty
* @throws UnexpectedValueException Provided JWK Set was invalid
* @throws DomainException OpenSSL failure
*
* @uses parseKey
*/
public static function parseKeySet(array $jwks, string $defaultAlg = null): array
{
$keys = [];
if (!isset($jwks['keys'])) {
throw new UnexpectedValueException('"keys" member must exist in the JWK Set');
}
if (empty($jwks['keys'])) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException('JWK Set did not contain any keys');
}
foreach ($jwks['keys'] as $k => $v) {
$kid = isset($v['kid']) ? $v['kid'] : $k;
if ($key = self::parseKey($v, $defaultAlg)) {
$keys[(string) $kid] = $key;
}
}
if (0 === \count($keys)) {
throw new UnexpectedValueException('No supported algorithms found in JWK Set');
}
return $keys;
}
/**
* Parse a JWK key
*
* @param array<mixed> $jwk An individual JWK
* @param string $defaultAlg The algorithm for the Key object if "alg" is not set in the
* JSON Web Key Set
*
* @return Key The key object for the JWK
*
* @throws InvalidArgumentException Provided JWK is empty
* @throws UnexpectedValueException Provided JWK was invalid
* @throws DomainException OpenSSL failure
*
* @uses createPemFromModulusAndExponent
*/
public static function parseKey(array $jwk, string $defaultAlg = null): ?Key
{
if (empty($jwk)) {
throw new InvalidArgumentException('JWK must not be empty');
}
if (!isset($jwk['kty'])) {
throw new UnexpectedValueException('JWK must contain a "kty" parameter');
}
if (!isset($jwk['alg'])) {
if (\is_null($defaultAlg)) {
// The "alg" parameter is optional in a KTY, but an algorithm is required
// for parsing in this library. Use the $defaultAlg parameter when parsing the
// key set in order to prevent this error.
// @see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7517#section-4.4
throw new UnexpectedValueException('JWK must contain an "alg" parameter');
}
$jwk['alg'] = $defaultAlg;
}
switch ($jwk['kty']) {
case 'RSA':
if (!empty($jwk['d'])) {
throw new UnexpectedValueException('RSA private keys are not supported');
}
if (!isset($jwk['n']) || !isset($jwk['e'])) {
throw new UnexpectedValueException('RSA keys must contain values for both "n" and "e"');
}
$pem = self::createPemFromModulusAndExponent($jwk['n'], $jwk['e']);
$publicKey = \openssl_pkey_get_public($pem);
if (false === $publicKey) {
throw new DomainException(
'OpenSSL error: ' . \openssl_error_string()
);
}
return new Key($publicKey, $jwk['alg']);
case 'EC':
if (isset($jwk['d'])) {
// The key is actually a private key
throw new UnexpectedValueException('Key data must be for a public key');
}
if (empty($jwk['crv'])) {
throw new UnexpectedValueException('crv not set');
}
if (!isset(self::EC_CURVES[$jwk['crv']])) {
throw new DomainException('Unrecognised or unsupported EC curve');
}
if (empty($jwk['x']) || empty($jwk['y'])) {
throw new UnexpectedValueException('x and y not set');
}
$publicKey = self::createPemFromCrvAndXYCoordinates($jwk['crv'], $jwk['x'], $jwk['y']);
return new Key($publicKey, $jwk['alg']);
case 'OKP':
if (isset($jwk['d'])) {
// The key is actually a private key
throw new UnexpectedValueException('Key data must be for a public key');
}
if (!isset($jwk['crv'])) {
throw new UnexpectedValueException('crv not set');
}
if (empty(self::OKP_SUBTYPES[$jwk['crv']])) {
throw new DomainException('Unrecognised or unsupported OKP key subtype');
}
if (empty($jwk['x'])) {
throw new UnexpectedValueException('x not set');
}
// This library works internally with EdDSA keys (Ed25519) encoded in standard base64.
$publicKey = JWT::convertBase64urlToBase64($jwk['x']);
return new Key($publicKey, $jwk['alg']);
default:
break;
}
return null;
}
/**
* Converts the EC JWK values to pem format.
*
* @param string $crv The EC curve (only P-256 & P-384 is supported)
* @param string $x The EC x-coordinate
* @param string $y The EC y-coordinate
*
* @return string
*/
private static function createPemFromCrvAndXYCoordinates(string $crv, string $x, string $y): string
{
$pem =
self::encodeDER(
self::ASN1_SEQUENCE,
self::encodeDER(
self::ASN1_SEQUENCE,
self::encodeDER(
self::ASN1_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
self::encodeOID(self::OID)
)
. self::encodeDER(
self::ASN1_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
self::encodeOID(self::EC_CURVES[$crv])
)
) .
self::encodeDER(
self::ASN1_BIT_STRING,
\chr(0x00) . \chr(0x04)
. JWT::urlsafeB64Decode($x)
. JWT::urlsafeB64Decode($y)
)
);
return sprintf(
"-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\n%s\n-----END PUBLIC KEY-----\n",
wordwrap(base64_encode($pem), 64, "\n", true)
);
}
/**
* Create a public key represented in PEM format from RSA modulus and exponent information
*
* @param string $n The RSA modulus encoded in Base64
* @param string $e The RSA exponent encoded in Base64
*
* @return string The RSA public key represented in PEM format
*
* @uses encodeLength
*/
private static function createPemFromModulusAndExponent(
string $n,
string $e
): string {
$mod = JWT::urlsafeB64Decode($n);
$exp = JWT::urlsafeB64Decode($e);
$modulus = \pack('Ca*a*', 2, self::encodeLength(\strlen($mod)), $mod);
$publicExponent = \pack('Ca*a*', 2, self::encodeLength(\strlen($exp)), $exp);
$rsaPublicKey = \pack(
'Ca*a*a*',
48,
self::encodeLength(\strlen($modulus) + \strlen($publicExponent)),
$modulus,
$publicExponent
);
// sequence(oid(1.2.840.113549.1.1.1), null)) = rsaEncryption.
$rsaOID = \pack('H*', '300d06092a864886f70d0101010500'); // hex version of MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUA
$rsaPublicKey = \chr(0) . $rsaPublicKey;
$rsaPublicKey = \chr(3) . self::encodeLength(\strlen($rsaPublicKey)) . $rsaPublicKey;
$rsaPublicKey = \pack(
'Ca*a*',
48,
self::encodeLength(\strlen($rsaOID . $rsaPublicKey)),
$rsaOID . $rsaPublicKey
);
return "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n" .
\chunk_split(\base64_encode($rsaPublicKey), 64) .
'-----END PUBLIC KEY-----';
}
/**
* DER-encode the length
*
* DER supports lengths up to (2**8)**127, however, we'll only support lengths up to (2**8)**4. See
* {@link http://itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf#p=13 X.690 paragraph 8.1.3} for more information.
*
* @param int $length
* @return string
*/
private static function encodeLength(int $length): string
{
if ($length <= 0x7F) {
return \chr($length);
}
$temp = \ltrim(\pack('N', $length), \chr(0));
return \pack('Ca*', 0x80 | \strlen($temp), $temp);
}
/**
* Encodes a value into a DER object.
* Also defined in Firebase\JWT\JWT
*
* @param int $type DER tag
* @param string $value the value to encode
* @return string the encoded object
*/
private static function encodeDER(int $type, string $value): string
{
$tag_header = 0;
if ($type === self::ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
$tag_header |= 0x20;
}
// Type
$der = \chr($tag_header | $type);
// Length
$der .= \chr(\strlen($value));
return $der . $value;
}
/**
* Encodes a string into a DER-encoded OID.
*
* @param string $oid the OID string
* @return string the binary DER-encoded OID
*/
private static function encodeOID(string $oid): string
{
$octets = explode('.', $oid);
// Get the first octet
$first = (int) array_shift($octets);
$second = (int) array_shift($octets);
$oid = \chr($first * 40 + $second);
// Iterate over subsequent octets
foreach ($octets as $octet) {
if ($octet == 0) {
$oid .= \chr(0x00);
continue;
}
$bin = '';
while ($octet) {
$bin .= \chr(0x80 | ($octet & 0x7f));
$octet >>= 7;
}
$bin[0] = $bin[0] & \chr(0x7f);
// Convert to big endian if necessary
if (pack('V', 65534) == pack('L', 65534)) {
$oid .= strrev($bin);
} else {
$oid .= $bin;
}
}
return $oid;
}
}
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